The Role of Local Knowledge in the Risk Management of Extreme Climates in Local Communities:A Case Study in a Nomadic NIAHS Site

地方知识在社区的极端气候风险管理中的角色——基于游牧类重要农业文化遗产的研究

In the context of climate change,research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation.Local communities,which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life,have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management.Therefore,this research aims to link Local knowledge(LK)to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model.It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework.The main research objectives of this study are:(1)To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events,risk management,LK,and farmers’adaptation strategies;(2)To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component;(3)To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation,and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation.The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management,local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK,because as a knowledge system,LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.

在气候变化的背景下,极端气候与灾害风险管理研究已成为适应气候变化的重要内容。地方社区在其生产和生活中因长期面临极端气候而形成了一些适用于当地的地方知识,在其适应极端气候和灾害风险管理方面发挥了重要作用。因此,本研究旨在通过构建概念模型,梳理地方知识与地方社区的极端气候与灾害风险管理之间的联系,然后以中国温带草原传统游牧民族的极端气候适应策略为例,运用所提出的理论框架,分析地方知识在社区极端气候适应中的作用。本研究的主要目标是:(1)通过建构概念模型说明极端气候事件、风险管理、地方知识与农户适应策略之间的关系;(2)将该理论框架应用于实地案例,并以当地知识为关键组成部分,来揭示特定情境下的地方社区的极端气候适应机制;(3)为极端气候适应和地方知识保护提供建议。研究结果表明,从灾害风险管理的视角来看,地方知识作为一个知识系统,当地社区基于其所形成的适应策略,构成了灾害风险管理的全过程。因此,地方社区可以基于这些适应策略来进行对极端气候风险的管理,从而实现对于极端气候的适应。此外,研究还表明,地方知识作为系统性知识,需要对其进行系统性保护。