类器官在发育与再生中的研究进展

Research Advances of Organoids in Development and Regeneration

类器官(organoid)作为体外模拟器官结构和功能的三维培养体系,已经广泛应用于发育研究、疾病建模和药物筛选。类器官在再生医学中具有重要的应用前景。胚胎干细胞、诱导多能性干细胞和多组织成体干/祖细胞来源的类器官再现了发育分化、稳态自我更新和组织损伤再生过程,为揭示发育和再生调控机制、明确生理病理进程提供了可能。近年来,多细胞类型的新型培养模式和单细胞测序等技术的应用促进了类器官的发展。该文总结了类器官在发育与再生中的最新研究成果,并就前沿技术在类器官研究中的应用进行了综述与展望。

Organoid is the in vitro three-dimensional culture system remodeling the structure and function of its original organ.Organoids have been widely used in developmental research,disease modeling and drug screening and have potential key application in regenerative medicine.Organoids derived from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem/progenitor cells from tissue recapitulate differentiation during development,self-renewal in homeostasis,and regeneration after tissue injury,respectively.Organoids opened up new avenues to reveal the molecular mechanism of development and regeneration.It provides possibilities to clarify the physiological and pathological progression.Recently,scientists focus on establishing and characterizing new organoid models with multiple cell types by novel co-culture methods and new technology such as single-cell RNA sequencing,which facilitates the development of organoids.This review summarizes the latest research in development and regeneration using organoids.This review also gives an outlook for the application of cutting-edge technologies in organoid research.