奉节县村庄发展潜力评价与类型识别

Evaluation and type identification of village development potential in Fengjie County

从地形、交通、规模和资源4个维度构建指标体系,借助TOPSIS评价、SOFM网络模型和系统聚类等方法,对重庆市奉节县332个行政村(不含社区)进行综合评价和类型识别,并对各类型村庄特征与发展路径进行分析.结果表明:1)各村庄地形本底和交通区位值总体呈现中部高、南北低分布格局,村庄规模和资源禀赋分布特征不明显,二者具有负向对应关系,各村庄维度值空间聚集不显著,以中、中低等级为主;2)各村庄接近度值呈现中部高、南北低以及沿梅溪河线状高值聚集分布格局,各等级数量呈正态分布,总体以中、中低等级为主;3)利用SOFM模型法将研究区村庄划分为24种类型,各类型村庄具有大分散、小聚集的分布特性.基于发展水平和4个维度,运用系统聚类法,将村庄类型合并为6种类型,数量上以Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ为主,占总数的78.92%;面积上以Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ为主,占70.05%.综合来看,研究区村庄总体上在近年来得到了不同程度的发展,但今后仍需针对不同类型,采取发挥优势、补足短板、有序推进的策略促进村庄发展.研究结果可为研究区村庄分类发展、脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略有效衔接提供决策依据.

Objective evaluation of village development potential and scientific identification of village types are the prerequisite and basis for promoting rural revitalization by classification. Taking Fengjie County of Chongqing as the research area,the index system in this paper was constructed from four dimensions,including topography,traffic,Village size and resources. TOPSIS evaluation, SOFM network model and system clustering were used to comprehensively evaluate and identify the types of 332 administrative villages( excluding communities) in the research area. Meanwhile,the characteristics and development paths of each type were also analyzed in this paper.The results show that: 1) The topographic background and traffic location values of each village generally present a spatial pattern of high in the middle and low in the north and south;the distribution characteristics of village scale and resource endowment are not obvious, and the two have a negative correspondence;the spatial aggregation of the dimension values of each village is not significant,mainly in the middle and low grades. 2) The proximity values of all villages showed a central high,low north-south and linear high-value cluster distribution pattern along the Meixi River. And the number of each level presents a normal distribution,mainly low-level. 3) The villages in the study area are divided into 24 types by SOFM model,each of which has the characteristics of large dispersion and small aggregation distribution;and the system cluster method is used to merge these villages into 6 types from the aspects of development level and four dimensions. In terms of quantity,these villages are dominated by Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ,accounting for 78.92% of the total. While in terms of area,these villages are dominated by Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ,accounting for 70.05%. On the whole,the villages in the study area have been developed to different degrees. In order to further promote the development of these villages,it is necessary to take gradual development strategies that give full play to the advantages and disadvantages of different types of villages. The results of this paper can provide the decisionmaking basis for the study of the classification of village development, poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies.