居住区设施可达性评估

Evaluation of Residential Facilities Accessibility

居住区设施与居民的日常生活密切相关,在很大程度上直接影响居民的生活质量与品质。考虑不同类居民需求与选择,创新研究一种评估居住区设施可达性新方法。首先,通过解读生活圈建设指导文件及相关文献,筛选上海市具有代表性的社区生活圈建设试点居住组团;其次,根据社区生活圈等级及步行距离识别生活圈范围;再次,基于手机信令数据,提取用户设施选择需求,改进现有可达性计算模型;最后,计算可达性指数并针对呈现出的计算结果对该居住区设施可达性进行分析。研究发现,利用改进潜能模型计算出的居住区设施可达性结果更能反映用户实际选择需求和生活圈建设的短板,单纯依靠设施兴趣点数量计算可达性与实际情况有偏差。

Residential facilities are highly related to the daily life of residents,which affects the quality of residents’life to a great extent.To consider the needs and choices of different kinds of residents,this paper introduced a new approach to evaluate the accessibility of residential facilities.Firstly,based on the interpretation of the official guidance and relevant literatures,some representative residential groups community in life circle construction pilots in Shanghai were selected.Secondly,the range of community-life circle was settled based on the level of community-life circle and pedestrian distance.Then based on the signaling data of mobile phones,the user's facility selection requirements were extracted to develop the existing accessibility computing model.Finally,the model and data were used to evaluate the accessibility index and analyze the accessibility of the facilities to residential area based on calculation results.It was found that the accessibility results of residential facilities calculated by this modified potential model reflected the actual needs of users and the shortcomings of construction of community-life circle better,while the results solely based on the number of POI facilities was not in accordance well with the actual situation.