从《世说新语》看魏晋时期“方正”观念的嬗变

On the Change of the Concept of“Fangzheng”in Wei and Jin Dynasties from A New Account of the Tales of the World

魏晋时期的士人,追求心灵自由,拥有用生命捍卫尊严的勇气,流露出与其他时代不同的精神特质。发轫于先秦并兴盛于两汉的“方正”观念,在魏晋时期发生了嬗变,沿着“朝廷人才选拔制度”和“个人人格修养”两条道路发展延伸,并在魏晋之后又回归传统。造成此种现象的原因至今未明。因而,探究“方正”观念的嬗变与外界环境、士人心态的关系具有重要意义。通过梳理分析《世说新语•方正》,可以发现:由于魏晋时期特殊的政治环境,以及生命、个体意识的觉醒,促使“方正”观念发生嬗变,并与传统的“方正”观相背离。

The scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties pursued spiritual freedom and had the courage to defend dignity with their lives,which showed their spiritual characteristics different from those of other times.The concept of“Fangzheng”,which originated in pre Qin dynasty and flourished in Han dynasty,changed in Wei and Jin dynasties.It developed along the two roads of“imperial talent selection system”and“personal personality cultivation”,and returned to the tradition after Wei and Jin dynasties.The cause of this phenomenon is still unclear.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the relationship between the evolution of“Fangzheng”concept and the external environment and the mentality of scholars.By analyzing the chapter of Fangzheng in A New Account of the Tales of the World,we can find that the special political environment of Wei and Jin dynasties along with the awakening of life and individual consciousness promoted the evolution of the concept of“Fangzheng”,which deviated from the traditional concept of“Fangzheng”.