跨境打击网络犯罪中的公私合作

Public-Private Cooperation in Cross-border Combat against Cybercrime

网络信息技术与犯罪的深度融合引发犯罪治理模式的改变,公私合作成为网络犯罪多主体协同治理的内在要求,以网络信息业者为代表的私主体因其具有的多项优势在犯罪治理活动中扮演越来越重要的角色,同时,强化其协助执法义务亦成为世界各国立法的普遍趋势。但是,网络信息业者所承担的商业主体、个人信息保护主体、协助犯罪治理主体这三重角色使得其往往面临着多重法律义务的叠加;在跨境打击网络犯罪成为新常态的背景下,这种义务叠加的复杂性则进一步提升,集中体现为公私合作中的主权冲突问题与合规困境问题。基于此,跨境打击网络犯罪公私合作的机制建构需要化解本国内部法律冲突,形成对内与对外相一致的基本立场,并在此基础上适应我国网络信息产业生态,化解网络信息业者等私主体可能因协助打击犯罪而面临的合规困境。

The deep integration of information technologies and crimes has profoundly reformed the way of crime control,and public-private cooperation has become an indispensable part.It has been widely accepted around the world that the obligations of private parties—particularly the internet service providers-should be enhanced to assist law enforcement agencies(LEAs),whereas such assisting obligations are overlapping and in tension with ISPs'other legal functions such as protecting the personal information of their customers.Considering the background that cross-border investigation has become the“new normal”in combating cybercrimes,the tension among multiple legal identities and obligations of ISPs would further complicates the legal regime of public-private cooperation,particularly embodies as sovereignty conflicts and compliance dilemma.Therefore,the cross-border public-private cooperation of combating cybercrime should be based on the integrated and consist domestic and international legal regime and mechanisms,and the interests of the industry should be protected by minimizing the compliance dilemma.