“说谎者悖论”与“哲人说谎”的法理理由

The Legal Reasons for“Liar Paradox”and“Philosopher Lying”

"哲人的高贵谎言"出自柏拉图的《国家篇》(又译《理想国》),认为哲人作为统治者时需要以"高贵的谎言"维持城邦的稳定。施特劳斯基于柏拉图的言说,"重新发现"了作为古典政治哲学的教诲与言说的"显白与隐微结合"的方法,这种方法要求受教诲者或读者通过"字里行间"的阅读来探求哲人的"微言大义"。施特劳斯的主张虽然得到部分学者的认同,但是"哲人的谎言"这一论题实际上是存在较大争议的。概言之,有基于语言哲学上的"说谎者悖论"所提出的逻辑上的指控,以及基于实践哲学上的对于"哲人说谎"的理由的拷问。本文认为,若不能化解"说谎者悖论"的逻辑困境,那么哲人就会陷入"不明智"的践言冲突;若不对"哲人说谎"这一行为进行实践理由上的证立,那么哲人就是"虚伪"的。本文的任务就在于削弱"说谎者悖论"对"哲人谎言"的影响,同时对于"哲人说谎"这一实践的理由进行找寻和证立。

The phrase“noble lies of philosophers”comes from Plato’s State(also translated into the Republic),which argues that philosophers as rulers need to maintain the stability of the city-state with“noble lies”.Based on Plato's theory,Strauss“rediscovered”the method of“explicit and implicit combination”as the teaching and expression of classical political philosophy.This method requires the educatee or reader to explore the philosopher's“implicit meaning”through“reading between the lines”.Although Strauss’s proposition has been accepted by some scholars,there is actually a great controversy on the topic of“philosopher lying”.In a word,there are logical accusations based on the“liar paradox”in the philosophy of language and torture on the grounds of“philosopher lying”based on practical philosophy.This paper holds that if the logical dilemma of the“liar paradox”cannot be resolved,then the philosopher will fall into the conflict of“unwise”practice;if the practical reason of“philosopher lying”can not be proved,then the philosopher is“hypocritical”.The task of this paper is to weaken the influence of“liar paradox”on“philosopher lying”,and to find and prove the practical reasons of“philosopher lying”.