从实体到程序:德国联邦议院组织法的图景展开

From Substance to Procedure:The Picture of the Organization Law of the German Bundestag

德国联邦议院是真正代表全体德国人民意志和利益的权力机关。总体上看,德国联邦议院的组织机构可以分为领导机构、功能机构、政治机构、辅助性机构四种类型。其中,领导机构主要包括主席团、元老委员会;功能机构主要包括全体大会、委员会;政治机构主要包括党团;辅助性机构则是指图书馆、警卫等各种行政性机构。德国联邦议院的运行遵循议员平等原则和效率原则。议员和党团是联邦议院最基本的组成单位,联邦议院的组织、工作运转都是以议员和党团为基本单位而进行的。就联邦议院具体的工作程序而言,其主要围绕《议事规则》的相关规定而展开。全体大会和质询是联邦议院行使其职权、履行其职责的最重要的方式和途径。

The German Bundestag is the power organ that truly represents the will and interests of the whole German people.In general,the organizational structure of the German Bundestag can be divided into four types:leading organization,functional organization,political organization and assistant organization.Among them,the leading organization mainly includes the Presidium,Senior Congressman Committee;functional organization mainly includes General Congress and committees;political organization mainly includes party groups;assistant organization refers to various administrative organizations such as libraries and security guards.The operation of the German Bundestag follows the principle of equality among congressmen and the principle of efficiency.As the most basic constituent units of the Bundestag,the organization and operation of the Bundestag are based on the congressmen and the party groups.As far as the specific operational procedure of the Bundestag is concerned,it mainly revolves around the relevant provisions of the Rules of Procedure.General Congress and inquiry are the most important ways for the Bundestag to exercise its functions and duties.