计划生育政策对女性创业的影响研究——基于全国流动人口数据的实证检验

The Impacts of Family Planning Policy on Women Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the National Immigrant Population Data

基于2015年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测数据,本文在考察我国女性创业现状的基础上,构建双重差分模型与三重差分模型评估计划生育政策对女性创业的影响。研究发现:(1)我国女性创业具有创业规模较小、创业收入不高、创业多集中于生活性服务业等特征;(2)计划生育政策的实施不仅使女性创业概率增加了7.6%,还显著促进了女性创业规模扩大;(3)计划生育政策对女性创业的影响具有一定的时滞,该影响并不会在政策实施当年立刻显现,而是在政策实施5年后逐渐凸显。为此,在新一轮生育政策调整时,应充分考虑女性的社会分工问题,努力提高女性受教育程度,建立健全女性创业培训服务体系,加快完善女性创业配套公共政策,为鼓励和支持女性创业提供更为合理可行的保障条件。

Using the 2015 dynamic monitoring data of national immigrant population, this paper analyzes the status quo of women entrepreneurship. By constructing a Difference-in-Difference(DID) model and a triple DID model, this paper estimates the impacts of family planning policy on women entrepreneurship. We find that women entrepreneurers are feathured by small scale firms, low income, and concentrating in life service industry. Family planning policy increases women entrepreneurship by 7.6% and significantly promoted their entrepreneurship scale expansion. The impacts of family planning policy on women entrepreneurship have a certain time lag, which gradually becomes significant after five years. Therefore, women’s social division of labor should be fully considered in the new round of family planning policy adjustment. It’s necessary to improve women education level, establish a whole women entrepreneurship training service system, and refine women entrepreneurship supporting public policy.