人类基因编辑技术的伦理风险之维

The Dimension of Ethical Risk of Human Gene Editing Technology

人类正处于"基因治疗""基因预防"的后基因组时代,人类基因编辑的应用和推广是其前沿和核心领域。人类基因编辑技术是对人体基因组序列的定点"修饰"和"替换",由于主体的有限理性、技术工具的缺陷、失灵以及客体复杂的功能性特征,它在临床、社会实践领域存有潜在的未知风险,涉及到人的重塑、责任归属、基因隐私权保护、社会基因歧视等一系列伦理、法律问题。人类基因编辑技术的发展挑战了生命伦理的内在要求,并且在临床上呈现不可逆的技术后果。合理且正当的措施是将其技术限定于体细胞基因治疗边界之内,以实现社会公益和私益保护的均衡。

Human beings are in the post-genomic era of "gene therapy" and "gene prevention".The application and promotion of human genetic editing is its frontier and core area.Human gene editing technology is the "modification" and "replacement" of the human genome sequence.Due to the bounded rationality of the subject,the defects of the technical tools,the failure,and the complex functional characteristics of the object,It has potentially unknown risks in clinical and social practice,Which involves a series of ethical and legal issues such as human reshaping,responsibility attribution,genetic privacy protection,and social genetic discrimination.The development of human genetic editing technology challenges the inherent requirements of bioethics,and presenting clinically irreversible technical consequences.Reasonable and justifiable measure is to limit its technology to the boundaries of somatic gene therapy,to achieve a balance between public welfare and private benefits protection.