PICU转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激主要影响因素的相关性研究

Correlation study of relocation stress,social support and social comparison orientation of the main caregivers of children transferred from PICU

目的调查儿科重症监护病房(Pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激水平,分析社会支持、社会比较倾向对其的影响作用。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选取2019年12月—2020年8月从我院PICU转入普通监护病房的134例患儿主要照顾者作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、ICU转出患者家属迁移应激量表、社会支持评定量表及爱荷华-荷兰社会比较倾向量表进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析PICU转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激的影响因素。结果PICU转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激评分为(37.79±7.62)分;多元线性回归分析结果显示:患儿年龄、患儿PICU入住时间、患儿疾病预后、主要照顾者性别、对社会支持的利用度、能力社会比较倾向是PICU转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激的主要影响因素(P<0.05),共解释总变异的76.8%。结论PICU转出患儿主要照顾者迁移应激处于高水平,患儿年龄、PICU入住时间、疾病预后、主要照顾者的性别、对社会支持的利用度、能力社会比较倾向是其主要影响因素,针对患儿年龄较小、PICU入住时间较长、疾病预后较差,主要照顾者为女性、对社会支持的利用度低、能力社会比较倾向强的主要照顾者,医护人员可以采用发放转出指导手册,设立联络护士,及时进行心理疏导等方法,降低其转移应激水平。

Objective To investigate the relocation stress level of the main caregivers of children transferred from the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU),and analyze the influence of social support and social comparison orientation on it.Methods Convenience sampling was used.The main caregivers of 134 children who were transferred from PICU to the general intensive care unit from December 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the research objects.The general situation questionnaire,the family relocation stress scale items,the social support rated scale,the Iowa-Netherl and social comparison orientation measure were used for survey.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the relocation stress of the main caregivers of children transferred from PICU.Results The relocation stress score of the main caregivers of the children transferred from PICU was(37.79±7.62)points.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed:the age of the children,the PICU staying time,the disease prognosis of children,the gender of the main caregiver,the utilization of social support and the ability to social comparison orientation is the main influencing factor of the relocation stress of the main caregivers of children transferred from PICU(P<0.05),explaining 76.8%of the total variation.Conclusion The relocation stress of the main caregivers of children transferred from PICU is at a relatively high level.The age of the children,PICU staying time,the disease prognosis,the gender of the main caregivers,the utilization of social support and the ability to social comparison are the main influencing factors.For the main caregivers who have the characteristics of younger children,longer PICU stays,worse prognosis,female main caregivers,low utilization of social support,and strong social tendency of ability,medical staff can issue transfer-out instruction manuals,establish liaison nurses and conduct timely psychological counseling to reduce the level of transfer stress.