高校毕业生行业收入差距成因探析

Analysis on the Causes of the Inter-Industrial Income Gap among Graduates

利用2009-2017年全国高校毕业生就业调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配和Oaxaca-Blinder成因分解等实证方法,对高校毕业生行业收入差距的成因进行探析。研究结果表明:毕业生行业收入差距在总体上存在拉大趋势,行业收入差距更多体现在行业间;新兴服务业(金融和IT)既是高校毕业生最热衷进入的行业,又是存在显著收入溢价的行业;行业间的个人、家庭、工作和人力资本特征差异是造成行业间收入差距的重要原因,其中人力资本异质性的贡献度更大;排除以上因素的影响,能力相似的毕业生因为选择进入新兴服务业,起薪至少显著高12%。这意味着新兴服务业从业人员的收入溢价主要源于毕业生选择进入新兴服务业,而不是因为进入新兴服务业的毕业生的人力资本水平更高,家庭背景更好,或者从事的工作岗位级别更高。

Based on data from a sample survey of Chinese higher education institutions from 2009 to 2017,using propensity score matching and Oaxaca-Blinder cause decomposition,this study analyses the causes of graduates’inter-industry wage differences and finds:1)the overall inter-industry wage difference of the graduates is expanding,and the wage difference is mainly reflected among industries;2)emerging service industries(Finance and IT)is not only the industry that college graduates are most keen to enter,but also the industry with significant income premium;3)personal characteristics,family background,human capital and work characteristics among industries are important reasons explaining the wage differences among industries,especially the heterogeneity of human capital among industries;4)controlling the above factors and abilities,graduates who entered the emerging service industry had at least 12%income premium,which means that the premium is mainly due to the choice of emerging service industry,rather than the level of human capital,family background,or position levels of the graduates who have entered the emerging service industry.