美国一流医学院临床医学博士课程体系的比较分析

Analyses of the Curriculum of Doctor of Medicine Programs at Top Medical Schools in the U.S.A.

课程体系设置的合理性是实现人才培养目标的前提条件,在很大程度上决定了教育产品的最终质量。对美国3所一流大学的医学博士(MD)课程体系研究后发现:美国MD课程体系可分为临床见习前、临床见习、临床见习后3个阶段,分别侧重于基础核心课程、专业课程和职业导向课程。基础核心课程是基于"器官-系统"的模块化整合课程;临床见习的前后衔接功能及纵向整合见习得到重视与发展;临床见习后课程侧重于临床能力和学术经验的进一步拓展。美国MD课程体系有弹性,为学生多样化、个性化的学习和发展提供了条件。我国的临床医学课程体系应借鉴国际先进经验,不断推进课程体系的改革和重塑。

The rationality of the curriculum system is a prerequisite for achieving the goal of talent training,which determines the quality of education.This study selected three top universities in the U.S.to describe and analyze the medical doctor(MD)curriculum.It found that the curriculum of MD programs can be divided into three stages:pre-clerkship,clerkship,and post-clerkship,focusing on the core curriculum,professional curriculum,and employment curriculum respectively.The core curriculum adopts an organ-system-based integrated curriculum.The cohesive function of the clerkship stage and longitudinal integrated clerkship has been emphasized and developed.The post-clerkship stage,focuses on the further development of clinical competency and academic experience.The curriculum is flexible and provides diverse and personalized learning and development paths.The clinical medical curriculum should learn from the international experience,constantly promote the reform and alignment of the curriculum plan in China.