乳制品样品前处理与分析检测技术研究进展

Progress of Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods for Dairy Products

乳制品中的有害物质包括农兽药残留、毒素残留、重金属残留、微生物、有害添加剂以及在包装或运输过程引入的有害物等,对人的健康存在较大危害,开发乳制品中有害物质的高效灵敏分析检测方法具有重要的经济和社会效益。但乳制品样品种类多、基质复杂,有害物质结构和性质差异大、含量水平低,需要发展快速高效的样品前处理技术和准确灵敏的分析检测方法。该文综述了近十年来乳制品样品前处理方法的研究进展,包括液相(微)萃取法、固相(微)萃取法、免疫亲和色谱法等。介绍了各类有害物质的分析检测技术如色谱法、原子光谱法、电化学分析法、生物免疫法、分子光谱法等的研究进展,重点比较了实验室分析方法与现场快速检测方法的优势与不足。最后,全面总结了这些技术的特点并展望了其发展趋势,以期为我国乳制品质量安全监管提供支持。

Harmful components in dairy products include pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues,heavy metal residues,microorganisms,harmful additives and other noxious substances introduced from the packaging or transportation.These harmful components are harmful to people’s health.However,it is a challenge to achieve accurate and rapid analysis of dairy products due to the diversity and substrates complexity of dairy samples,different structures and properties of various harmful substances,as well as their low content levels.Thus,to develop rapid and efficient sample preparation techniques,as well as accurate and sensitive analysis or detection methods is inevitable.In this paper,the progress in the preparation methods for dairy products in recent years is reviewed,including solid phase(micro)extraction,liquid phase(micro)extraction and immunoaffinity chromatography,etc.Meanwhile,this article introduces the progress of various analytical methods for these hazardous substances,such as chromatography,atomic spectroscopy,electrochemical analysis,biological immunoassay,molecular spectroscopy,etc.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of laboratory analytical methods and on-site rapid detection methods are also compared,and the characteristics of these technologies are summarized.Finally,their future development trends are forecasted in the paper,anticipating to provide a support for the quality and safety supervision of dairy products in China.