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自身免疫性脑炎病人临床及护理特点的回顾性分析 被引量:10

Retrospective study on clinical and nursing characteristics of patients with autoimmune encephalitis
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摘要 目的:分析自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的临床特点及临床护理要点。方法:采用自行设计的研究表格记录就诊于北京协和医院的70例AE病人的一般人口学资料、药物过敏史、首诊精神专科医院、重症监护室(ICU)入住史、住院时长、就诊类型、发病前驱症状、临床症状、肿瘤筛查结果、免疫治疗方案、对症治疗方案、护理方案、日常生活能力、复发情况等,总结AE病人的临床及护理特点。结果:70例病人中,抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎病人50例(71.43%),抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白(LGI1)相关抗体脑炎病人20例(28.57%)。抗NMDAR脑炎病人女性占70.00%,年龄中位数为25.50岁,发病时就诊于急诊占34.00%,以精神症状首发而就诊于精神专科医院占16.00%,入住ICU占26.00%,入院时Barthel指数(BI)评分中位数为45.00分。抗LGI1相关抗体脑炎病人男性占60.00%,发病年龄中位数为56.00岁,以退休或无业人员居多(70.00%),90.0%首次就诊时就诊于神经科门诊,入住ICU仅10.00%,入院时BI评分中位数为90.00分。50例抗NMDAR脑炎病人中,52.0%伴有发热、感冒、失眠等前驱症状,其中,92.0%出现精神行为异常,94.0%出现癫痫发作症状。20例抗LGI1相关抗体脑炎病人中,25.0%伴有发热、感冒、失眠等前驱症状,70.0%出现精神行为异常,100.0%出现癫痫发作症状。抗NMDAR脑炎病人中,9例病人进行呼吸机辅助通气,15例病人置入经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管,19例病人进行吸痰护理,18例病人留置鼻胃管,19例病人留置导尿管。结论:AE病人临床表现多样,重症病人中以抗NMDAR脑炎病人多见。AE病人以精神行为异常和癫痫发作为主要表现,要重点加强病人安全管理,警惕癫痫大发作或癫痫持续状态发生。
作者 王乾贝 薄琳 孙阳艺 吕攀攀 乔曼 范思远 关鸿志 WANG Qianbei;BO Lin;SUN Yangyi;LYU Panpan;QIAO Man;FAN Siyuan;GUAN Hongzhi(Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing 100730 China)
出处 《护理研究》 北大核心 2021年第14期2609-2612,共4页 Chinese Nursing Research
关键词 自身免疫性脑炎 抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体 抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白 护理 autoimmune encephalitis N⁃methyl⁃D⁃aspartate receptor leucine⁃rich glioma inactivated⁃1 nursing
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