村镇建设生态承载力:内涵、对象测算和提升路径

Carrying Capacity of Complex Ecosystem for Rural and Township Development:Connotation,Carrying Objects Calculation and Improvement Path

村镇建设与区域主导生态功能、生产-生活-生态(简称“三生”)空间布局和产业结构密不可分,开展村镇建设生态承载力研究与承载对象测算,有助于提高村镇建设生态安全水平和衔接脱贫攻坚成果。该文辨析了区域、聚落、村镇和乡村相关概念,界定了村镇建设生态承载力的内涵和复合生态系统的属性,在划分村镇类型和明确建设要求的基础上,构建了村镇建设复合生态承载力评价方法,进而明确了生态安全约束下村镇建设承载对象测算思路,包括人口数量、主导生态功能和产业规模。最后,初步探析了村镇建设生态承载力提升路径,包括减轻村镇建设的生态压力、提高村镇建设的生态弹性力、增强村镇复合生态系统的承载力。研究结果对重要生态功能区村镇生态承载力提升方案的制定和生态环保扶贫政策的优化具有一定理论与实践意义。

Rural and township development is inseparable from the regional dominant ecological functions and the spatial layout of the Ecological-Production-Living Spaces.To improve the level of ecological safety and effectively reduce poverty,it is necessary to evaluate and calculate the ecological carrying capacity for rural and township development.The related concepts of regions,settlements,village and town are analyzed,and the connotation of the ecological carrying capacity for rural and township development,as well as the attributes of the complex ecosystem are defined.Based on the classification of the types of rural and townships and their development requirements,a method for the evaluation of ecological carrying capacity of rural and township development was further developed,which considers population size,dominant ecological functions and industrial scale.Finally,the paths to improve the ecological carrying capacity for rural and township development was preliminary analyzed,which include reducing the ecological pressure of township construction,improving the ecological elasticity of rural and township development,and enhancing the carrying capacity of the township complex ecosystem.The research results could provide a theoretical and practical guideline for the building of carrying capacity improvement plan and optimization of poverty alleviation policies for rural and township development in important ecological function areas.