基于生态足迹模型的贵州省仁怀市可持续发展及其影响因素研究

Research on Sustainable Development and Its Influencing Factors of Renhuai City Based on Ecological Footprint Model

为探究仁怀市生态承载力变化特征,筛选影响可持续发展的关键因素,基于生态足迹模型分析了2010—2018年贵州仁怀市人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力及生态盈亏,同时选择生态足迹指数、生态压力指数、生态协调系数和万元GDP生态足迹4项指数和6项因子对仁怀市可持续发展状况与影响因素进行研究。结果表明,2010—2018年仁怀市处于生态赤字状态,人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力均呈先降后升趋势,人均生态足迹由1.5 hm^(2)·人^(-1)升至1.8 hm^(2)·人^(-1),增幅为20%,人均生态承载力由0.94 hm^(2)·人^(-1)升至1.08 hm^(2)·人^(-1),增幅为14.89%;仁怀市人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力分别以耕地和林地贡献为主,分别占人均生态足迹的81%和人均生态承载力的79%;仁怀市生态足迹指数为-76.96%~-59.22%,生态压力指数为1.59~1.77,生态足迹指数和生态压力指数分别处于第3和第5等级,区域可持续发展存在挑战;仁怀市生态足迹增长的驱动因素主要有人口数量、特色产业、污染排放等。该研究结果有助于了解仁怀市特色产业发展与生态足迹之间的内在联系,为同类型地区可持续发展提供借鉴。

To explore the changing characteristics of the ecological carrying capacity and figure out the key influencing factors of sustainable development of the Renhuai City,the per capita ecological footprint,per capita ecological carrying biocapacity and ecological surplus/deficit from^(2)010 to 2018 were analyzed based on the ecological footprint model.Furthermore,four key indexes,including ecological footprint index,ecological stress index,corresponding quotiety of ecological and GDP′s ecological footprint,and six factors were applied to study the sustainable development status and influencing factors of Renhuai City.Results show that the Renhuai City has been in status of ecological deficit.Both the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological carrying capacity presented a similar trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The per capita ecological footprint increased from 1.5 hm^(2) to 1.8 hm^(2),with an increase of 20%during research period.The per capita ecological carrying capacity increased by 14.89%,from 0.94 hm^(2) to 1.08 hm^(2);the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological carrying capacity of the Renhuai City were mainly contributed by cultivated land and woodland,which accounting for 81%of the per capita ecological footprint and 79%of the per capita ecological carrying capacity,respectively.The ecological footprint index was between-76.96%and-59.22%,and the ecological pressure index was ranged from 1.59 to 1.77,as in view of the relevant evaluation standards,the Renhuai City′s ecological footprint index and ecological stress index was in the status of 3rd grade and the 5th grade,suggesting there exists great challenges in regional sustainable development.In addition,the main driving factors impeding the Renhuai City′s ecological footprint were population size,featured industries,and pollutants emissions.These results of the research are helpful to discover the internal connection between the development of featured industries in Renhuai City and the ecological footprint,and can provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development patten of similar areas.