甲骨文夜间时称的分布

The Distribution of"Shicheng"of Nighttime in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty of China

三千年前的殷商时期,人们已经建构起了周全的适应当时社会生活的计时系统。各个层级的计时概念通过语言中的时间表达式来映现。其中,“时称”是最低的时间层级、最小的时间单位,在商代卜辞中使用很频繁。对它们的研究不仅有助人们对当时思维、哲学、文化观念的理解,而且还有助于卜辞本身的精细考察。本文将从组类语团分布角度来探讨“夜间时称”的个性特征,在此基础上厘清殷商时期人们在时间语用上的特点和规律。

Three thousand years ago in the Yin and Shang dynasties,a comprehensive timekeeping system had constructed to adapt to social life.Timing concepts at all levels were reflected in time expressions in language.The term of"Shicheng"is the smallest time unit and the lowest level of time designation system,which was frequently used in the oracle of the Shang Dynasty.The study of them not only helps people to understand the thinking,philosophy and cultural concepts at that time,but also helps to make a detailed investigation of the oracle itself.This paper will discuss the distribution and characteristics of"Shicheng"of nighttime designation from the perspective of language group distribution.On this basis,it will clarify the characteristics and rules of time pragmatics in the Yin and Shang dynasties.