人工智能与技能结构:基于空间外溢视角

Artificial Intelligence and Skill Structure:From the Perspective of Spatial Spillover

结合2008-2017年中国省级面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型和空间自回归模型,探究人工智能发展对不同技能劳动力的异质性影响。研究结果表明:1人工智能对本地高技能结构有显著的负面影响,对周边地区高技能结构有显著正向影响。2人工智能对本地区和周边地区低技能结构都有显著的正面影响。3进一步分析发现,人工智能对本地区和周边地区中等技能结构存在显著的负面影响。根据研究结果,本文提出以下政策建议:完善职业技术教育体系,深化产教融合,通过就业培训、增进信息交流等方式帮助中等技能劳动者;给予企业较为充足的信息支持,避免人工智能行业投资出现过冷或过热现象,影响劳动力市场;在促进人工智能技术与实体经济结合时,兼顾效率和公平。

As an important driving force for high-quality economic development,artificial intelligence will have a profound impact on the employment structure when it improves the production efficiency and promotes the advanced development of manufacturing industry.This paper focuses on the impact of artificial intelligence on skill structure,and explore the heterogeneous impact of the development of artificial intelligence on different-skilled workers by combining with the provincial panel data of China from 2008 to 2017,and using spatial Durbin model and spatial autoregressive model,.The results show that:(1)Artificial intelligence has a significant negative impact on the local high-skill structure and a significant positive impact on the surrounding high skill structure(2)Artifi⁃cial intelligence has a significant positive impact on the low skill structure of both the local and surrounding areas(3)Further analysis shows that artificial intelligence has a significant negative impact on the medium skill structure in the local and surrounding areas.Based on the research results,this paper puts forward the policy proposals as fol⁃lows:Improving the vocational and technical education system,deepening the integration of production and educa⁃tion,and helping medium-skilled workers through employment training,and promotion of information exchange,etc.;giving enterprises sufficient information support to avoid the phenomenon of too cold or too hot investment in the artificial intelligence industry and resultant impact on the labor market;giving consideration to both efficiency and fairness in promoting the integration of artificial intelligence and real economy.