胡适《红楼梦》研究旨趣的转变与得失

Hu Shi’s research on A Dream of Red Mansion:The change of focus,its losses and gains

在《藏晖室札记•小说丛话》中的涉红札记及1911—1918年的涉红文字中,胡适关注的是《红楼梦》的作者、版本、本事、人物性格、主题、审美价值等多方面的问题,研究方法也涉及索隐、考证以及审美批评、社会批评等多种形式。在开创“新红学”之后,胡适只注重用考证的方法研究《红楼梦》的作者与版本,而对用其他方法研究其他问题不再感兴趣,甚至持排斥的态度。在取得开创性成就的同时,也导致了两个彼此关联的失误:一是错误地将《红楼梦》小说当作历史著作,采取“曹贾互证”的方法,使得他所一再强调的科学方法走向了科学的反面,违背了小说属于艺术创作这一基本规律;二是片面坚持“写实自传说”,从而导致了对《红楼梦》思想和文学价值的严重误断。

In his notes involving A Dream of Red Mansion in Series on Novels of Canghui Shi,and in his related writings between 1911—1918,Hu Shi concerned about such issues about the novel as its author,editions,the subject matter,characters,aesthetics and so on.His methodology included bio-study,textual study,aesthetic and social criticism.After he established Neo-Hondology,he focused solely on the author and editions in the way of textual study,no longer sparing any interest in and even launching resistance against other methodologies.Admittedly,he made pioneering contributions.However,his way of study led to two losses which were related to each other.The first lies in mistaking A Dream of Red Mansion as a historical novel and adopting the methodology of the mutual verification of the Cao Family for the Jia family in the novel so that the scientific methodology he emphasized again and again turned out towards the very opposite,thus violating the rules of literary creation.The second is that he partially insisted on the realistic-autobiographic side of the novel,which led to the severe misjudgment of the ideological and literary values of the novel.