胆汁酸菌群修饰介导肠道黏膜免疫的研究进展

Gut Microbiota⁃Dominated Bioconversion of Bile Acids on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity:A Systemic Review

在肠肝循环过程中,肝脏合成分泌的共轭胆汁酸经由肠道菌群生物学修饰(去共轭化、脱羟基化、差向异构化、酯化及脱硫反应)转化为去共轭初级胆汁酸和次级胆汁酸,通过参与免疫因子代谢调控免疫反应,在肠黏膜免疫中起重要作用。本文系统归纳参与胆汁酸代谢的肠道菌群、胆汁酸菌群代谢物的重要生物学功能以及其作用于肠道免疫细胞的黏膜免疫机制等方面的研究进展,建立肠道菌群-胆汁酸-肠道黏膜免疫的生物学复杂网络,为深入了解肠道菌群介导胆汁酸生物修饰调控肠黏膜免疫的分子机制提供思考。

In the process of enterohepatic circulation,the conjugated bile acids secreted by liver are bio⁃conver⁃ted through biological modification(deconjugation,dehydroxylation,epimerization,esterification and desulfu⁃rization)by intestinal flora into deconjugated primary bile acids or secondary bile acids.This intestinal microbi⁃ota⁃mediated bioconversion properties of bile acids can change the bile acid pool and further to affect the host intestinal mucosal immunity.In present review,we systematically reviewed the recent advances in the microbial flora participating in the bioconversion of bile acids,the key biological roles of primary and secondary bile acids,and the mechanism of bile acids on intestinal mucosal immunity through gut immune cells.In addition,we constructed a complex biological network on the intestinal microbiota⁃bile acids⁃mucosal immunity axis.The aim of present review was to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism for the bile acid pool mediated by intestinal microflora in regulating intestinal mucosal immunity.