俄罗斯高超声速武器发展简析

The development history of Russian hypersonic weapons

高超声速武器研发是主要军事大国激烈竞争的重要领域,研发一旦取得成功,往往会产生颠覆性的军事博弈效应。俄罗斯高超声速武器的研发工作起源于苏联时期,经过数十年发展,已在高超声速助推滑翔武器和高超声速巡航导弹两个领域取得了突破,在全球处于领先地位。本文基于公开资料,简要回顾了俄罗斯高超声速助推滑翔武器和高超声速巡航导弹两类高超声速武器的发展历程,介绍了俄罗斯已经或即将服役的数种高超声速武器装备型号,分析了俄罗斯发展高超声速武器的战略动因与发展思路,总结了俄罗斯高超声速武器发展成果在各个领域与层次产生的多重影响,并指出了俄罗斯高超声速武器发展在研究资源投入、战斗力生成、作战体系构建等方面面临的矛盾与问题。

Research on hypersonic weapons has lately emerged as one of the most fiercely competitive fields among the world’s major military powers.The development of hypersonic weapons by Russia can be dated back to the period of the Soviet Union.After decades of development,Russia has made significant progress in both hypersonic boost-gliding weapons and hypersonic cruise missiles.This study reviews the history of the development of hypersonic boost-glide weapons and hypersonic cruise missiles based on publicly available information.Several kinds of Russian hypersonic weapons are introduced,along with their strategic motivations,underlying concepts,and influence on subsequent developments in the area.Contradictions in the investment in research,the development of operational capabilities,and the construction of combat systems in the context of Russian hypersonic weapons are also pointed out.