美军2021财年核电磁脉冲领域国防预算概况与简析

Analysis of US defense budget for Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse field for FY2021

本文基于美国国防部机构、海军、空军和天军2021财年的国防预算文件,梳理出与核电磁脉冲科研活动相关的12个课题,并通过统计对比,提炼出美军核电磁脉冲科研活动的主要内容及关注点。统计结果显示,这些课题均属于“研究、开发、试验与鉴定”范畴,涉及国防科研预算8个子类中的6个,预算总金额为5.28亿美元。总体而言,美军2021财年核电磁脉冲领域的国防预算涉及的研究内容主要可分为三大类:导弹防御与核武器等系统的核电磁脉冲加固防护;武器装备与系统高空电磁脉冲生存能力测试与评估;辐射与核威胁探测与材料研发。美军核电磁脉冲研究活动表现出4个特点:核电磁脉冲领域投资紧贴最新美军战略目标与要求;传统核电磁脉冲研究项目持续跟进,弥补能力不足;预算适时根据武器装备发展阶段进行调整;核电磁脉冲研究经费相对较少,但仍具重要性。

Based on budget documents of the US Department of Defense as well as the country’s Navy,Air Force,and Space Force for FY2021,this study identifies 12 issues related to scientific research activities on the Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse(NEMP),and details their main contents and concerns through statistical comparisons.The results showed that these issues fell in the category of“research,development,test,and evaluation”,and involved six of the eight sub-categories of the scientific research budget on national defense for a total of 528 million US dollars.In general,the research on NEMP in FY2021 can be divided into three main categories:NEMP hardening and protection for missile defense and nuclear weapons;high altitude electromagnetic pulse survivability test and evaluation of weapons and systems;and radiation,nuclear threat detection,and material development.Research by the US on the NEMP has four characteristics:investment on the NEMP closely follows the latest strategic objectives and requirements of the US military;traditional NEMP research projects continue to compensate for the lack of ability;the research budget for the NEMP has been adjusted over time according to the phase of weapons development;the research budget for NEMP is small,but the area is important.