冷战时期中阿关系演变中的苏联因素(1949—1992)

The Soviet Factors in the Process of Sino-Afghanistan Relations during the Cold War

冷战时期,苏联一直是影响中阿关系的最重要因素之一。在中苏友好时期,苏联因素对中阿关系是一把双刃剑。它虽对中阿关系的发展主要起着积极的推动作用,但在一些特定的情况下也存在消极影响。在中苏关系破裂乃至全面对抗的情况下,苏联因素基本上是负面因素,极大地阻碍了中阿关系的发展。苏联入侵阿富汗后,扶植阿富汗傀儡政权,成为中阿关系最大的拦路虎。中国对阿富汗傀儡政权不予承认,中阿官方关系中断。总的来说,中阿关系的演变深刻反映了中苏之间意识形态和国家利益的博弈,它导致了中国对阿政策由"以苏为主"到"与苏争夺"的转变,促使了中阿关系由友好到中断的变化。

During the cold war,the Soviet Union had been one of the most important factors influencing Sino-Afghanistan relations.It played different roles and played different roles in different stages of Sino-Afghanistan relations.During the period of Sino-Soviet friendship,the Soviet factor was a double-edged sword to Sino-Afghanistan relations.Although it played a positive role in promoting the development of Sino-Afghanistan relations,it also had a negative impact in some specific circumstances.In the case of Sino-Soviet relations breaking up and even full-scale confrontation,the Soviet factor was not only the most important factor affecting Sino-Afghanistan relations,but also basically a negative factor,which was a stumbling block to Sino-Afghanistan relations and greatly hindered the development of Sino-Afghanistan relations.After the invasion of Afghanistan,the Soviet Union supported the puppet regime of Afghanistan and became the biggest obstacle to China Afghanistan relations.China did not recognize the puppet regime in Afghanistan and official relations between the two countries was suspended.In a word,the Soviet Union led to the change of China’s policy toward Afghanistan from"focusing on the Soviet Union"to"competing with the Soviet Union",which promoted the change of Sino-Afghanistan relations from friendship to interrupted,and also profoundly reflected the game of ideology and national interests between China and the Soviet Union.