德江天麻提取物的抑菌活性研究

Study on antibacterial activity of Dejiang Gastrodia elata extract

利用无水乙醇对德江天麻进行提取,以牛津杯扩散法检测天麻乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、布鲁氏菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,筛选出对天麻乙醇提取物敏感的细菌后,再用稀释法分析天麻乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、布鲁氏菌的生长的影响,并探究最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌质量浓度(MBC),检测温度、pH、紫外照射时间对天麻乙醇提取物抑菌活性的影响,运用系统预试验分析天麻乙醇提物的化学成分。结果表明:天麻乙醇的提取率为2.34%。天麻乙醇提取物对乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌抑制最强,另外也可对金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特氏菌和布鲁氏菌产生明显的抑制作用。天麻乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、单增李斯特氏菌和布鲁氏菌的MIC分别为50、25、100和50 mg·mL^(-1),MBC分别为50、50、100和100 mg·mL^(-1)。天麻乙醇提物对温度、pH、紫外光具有良好的稳定性。预试验表明天麻乙醇提取物的主要成分包括有机酸类、还原糖、氨基酸及油脂类。

The Dejiang Gastrodia elata were extracted with absolute ethanol,and the bacteriostatic activity of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata against Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella paratyphi B,Listeria monocytogenes,Brucella,and Escherichia coli were detected by Oxford cup diffusion method.The dilution method was used to analyze the effect of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella paratyphi B,Listeria monocytogenes,and Brucella after screening the bacteria that were sensitive to ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata.The minimum inhibitory mass concentration(MIC)and the minimum bactericidal mass concentration(MBC)of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata against bacteria were studied.The temperature,pH,and UV irradiation time of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata on the influence of bacterial activity were analyzed.The chemical composition of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata was analyzed by a systematic pre-test.These results showed that the extract rate of ethanol of Gastrodia elata was 2.34%.Ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata had the strongest inhibition on Salmonella paratyphi B and could also had significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes and Brucella.The MIC of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata against Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella paratyphi B,Listeria monocytogenes,and Brucella were 50,25,100,and 50 mg·mL^(-1),respectively,and the MBC was 50,50,100,and 100 mg·mL^(-1),respectively.The ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata had good stability to temperature,pH and ultraviolet light.The preliminary test showed that the main components of the ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata contained organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and oils.