广东茶园杂草危害评价与分级方法的建立与探讨

Establishment and Discussion on the Evaluation and Classification Method of Weeds in Guangdong Tea Gardens

草类是茶园生态系统的重要组成部分,具有保持水土、改良土壤、栖息天敌等多重功能,对维持茶园生态系统内稳态具有重要意义。然而,目前广东大部分茶企(农)采用了“一刀切”的方式,对草类进行无差别的防控措施,既耗费大量人力、物力、财力,又严重破坏茶园生态系统平衡。因此,建立广东茶园杂草危害评价与分级方法,对指导茶企(农)科学防治杂草具有重要意义。文章从建立茶园杂草危害评价与分级方法的必要性和可行性、国内茶园杂草评价与分级方法的探索和广东茶园杂草危害评价与分级方法的初探等3个方面展开,针对广东茶区产地特点,提出以发生频级、生长优势度、分布系数、防治难度为指标的杂草危害评价和分级方法,以期为茶园杂草的科学防控及茶-草和谐共生系统的构建提供参考建议。

As the important components of tea garden ecosystem,grasses have multiple functions including soil and water conservation,soil improvement and natural enemy habitat.They have great significance in maintaining the homeostasis of tea garden ecosystem.However,at present,most tea enterprises(farmers)in Guangdong adopt the"one size fits all"weed control and non-selective weed control method,which wastes a lot of labor and seriously damages the balance of tea garden ecosystem.Therefore,it is greatly significant to guide tea enterprises(farmers)to carry out scientific methods for controlling weeds through establishing evaluation and classification method of weeds in Guangdong tea gardens.In this study,the necessity and feasibility of weed hazard assessment in tea garden,the assessment and classification methods of domestic weed hazards were discussed.According to the characteristics of tea producing areas in Guangdong,the indicators of weed hazard assessment and classification methods were proposed,including occurrence frequency,growth dominance,distribution coefficient and controlling difficulty.This study also provided advices for scientific weed control in tea gardens and would help to build a harmonious tea grass symbiotic system.