基于碳税与碳排放的废塑料油加工方案选择与效益评价

Scheme Evaluation of Waste Plastic Oil Processing Based on Carbon Tax and Emission Reduction

回收废塑料经高温裂解油化技术制得废塑料油后,为研究其碳排放水平设计3种后续加工方案,包括多产清洁油品方案(FCC)、炼油兼顾化工方案(DCC)及乙烯蒸汽裂解多产化学品方案(SC),将碳排放及能耗、产品、效益等综合指标对比分析,进一步探究了原油价格体系和碳税对经济效益影响以及对废塑料处理的碳减排效应。结果表明,FCC方案能耗和碳排放最低,且油价升高对FCC方案有利;SC方案聚乙烯、聚丙烯产量最高,能耗和碳排放较大,约为3.42吨CO2/吨废塑料油;当碳税不高于330元/吨CO2时,实施SC方案利润最高,且利润对碳税增加的敏感度更高;在80美元/桶高油价下,碳税价格突破300元/吨时,FCC方案具有利润优势。废塑料油采用SC和DCC方案替代原油生产聚烯烃全流程碳排放因子分别降低44.8%和24.3%,具有碳减排效应。废塑料加工生产聚烯烃方案是实现塑料循环再生的最优方案。

The recycled waste plastics can be pyrolyzed into pyrolysis oil at high temperature.Three subsequent processing schemes were designed in this paper,including clean oil production(FCC),chemical feedstock route(DCC)and steam cracking(SC),and carbon emissions,energy consumption,products,profit and benefit for different processing schemes of waste plastic oil were compared.The impact of oil price system and carbon tax on economic benefits and the carbon emission reduction were further explored.The results show that the FCC scheme has the lowest energy consumption,the lowest carbon emission,and high oil price is favorable to FCC scheme.The SC scheme has the highest output of polyethylene and polypropylene,and the energy consumption and carbon emission are higher.When the carbon tax is lower than 330 yuan/t,SC scheme has the highest profit,and the profit of this scheme is more sensitive to the increase of carbon tax than other schemes.At the price of$80 per barrel,it is more cost-effective for FCC scheme when the carbon tax is higher than 300 yuan/t.The carbon emission factor of the whole process can be reduced by 44.8%and 24.3%respectively when producing PE/PP using waste plastic by SC and DCC,which has the effect of carbon emission reduction.