生态文明建设视域下环境犯罪客体革新之思考

Study on the Innovation of Environmental Crime Objects in the Construction of Ecological Civilization

生态文明建设的实现需要环境刑事立法的保障,而传统环境犯罪客体以"环境保护管理秩序"为内容,没有做到真正关注生态环境本身,这与生态文明建设的要求相悖。为了实现生态文明建设的目标,环境犯罪客体必须革新。在伦理基础方面须认识到环境利益本就蕴含在人的利益当中,重新审视并确立"人类中心主义"的道德伦理观,并在该伦理观基础之上重新理解环境犯罪客体。在环境犯罪客体内容选择上,"环境社会关系论"不符合人类中心主义伦理观,因而转向"环境法益论",并将环境利益作为环境犯罪保护的法益。通过对环境犯罪客体的伦理基础和保护法益两方面的革新以适应生态文明建设的需求,促进生态文明建设。

The implementation of the construction of ecological civilization requires the guarantee of environmental criminal legislation. But the objects of traditional environmental crime merely depend on the ’management order of environmental protection’, instead of truly focusing on the ecological environment, which contradicts the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization. To realize new progress in the construction of ecological civilization in the ’Fourteenth Five Year Plan’, it is imperative to innovate the objects of environmental crime. In the aspect of ethical foundation, it is necessary to realize that the environmental interests are contained in the benefits of humans, and the ethical ideologies of ’anthropocentrism’ need to be reviewed and established to re-understand the objects of environmental crime on the basis of that ethic. In terms of content selection of the objects of environmental crime, the ’theory of environmental social relation’ does not conform with the ethical ideologies of anthropocentrism, so that the ’theory of environmental legal interests’ is chosen, and the environmental interests are regarded as the legal interest of the protection of environmental crime. Through the innovation of both ethical foundation and the legal interest protection of the objects of environmental crime, the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization can be realized and the new progress can be promoted.