目标概念的辨析及其对决策的影响

Discriminating the concepts of goal and its influence on decision-making

目标对决策的影响过程包含了明晰目标的决策过程和在目标的动机作用下完成后续决策任务的过程。目标是个体期望实现的多个未来结果相互之间竞争动机作用的结果。依据对未来结果的渴望性和可行性等特征的认知,个体抉择出某个未来结果作为自己的目标,使其具有了动机作用。在明晰目标的过程中,解释水平、自我控制的人格特质和成功经验都会产生重要影响。在明确了目标以后,目标通过改变个体对有利于目标实现的决策备择方案的态度和选择性注意来影响个体的决策。未来研究可以从目标的意识程度对决策负面结果的影响,对决策的心理过程进行直接测量等角度来探讨目标对决策的影响。

Individual decision making under the guidance of a goal involve two mental processes,such as setting a goal and accomplishing the subsequent decision task.The goal is the winner of the competition for motivation.On the basis of evaluation of their desirability and feasibility,specific future results are selected as the goal and endowed with motivation by the decision-maker.Construal level,trait self-control,and successful experience in executing self-control affect the goal setting.Moreover,the goal plays an essential role in accomplishing subsequent decision tasks by changing the attitudes and selective attention of decision makers.In the future,exploring how an unconscious goal weakens the effect on negative consequences of decisions and how to directly measure the two mental processes are necessary.