同伴对青少年冒险行为的影响及其作用机制

The influence of peers on adolescents’ risk-taking behavior and its mechanism

青少年更倾向于从事冒险或鲁莽行为,并且更容易受到同伴影响。从个人特质和社交互动等多个角度探讨的研究结果表明,同伴对青少年冒险行为存在助长作用,即当同伴在场时,青少年的行为会更加冒险。同伴对青少年冒险行为的作用机制可以从心理、神经、遗传、社会文化等多个层面进行解释:在心理层面,这种影响源于青少年寻求同伴认可和归属感的需要,以及社会学习的作用;在神经机制层面,源于认知控制网络和刺激处理系统的相互作用;在遗传层面,源于特定基因的易感性等;在社会文化层面,同伴影响会因文化差异而带来程度与表现上的差异。未来研究应从发展、文化心理、构建复杂模型网络等视角深入探究同伴对青少年冒险行为的影响。

Adolescents are more likely to engage in risky or reckless behaviors and are more likely to be influenced by their peers.From the perspectives of personal characteristics and social interaction,research shows the facilitating effect of peers on adolescents’risk-taking behavior,that is,when peers are present,adolescents’behaviors tend to be more risky.The influence of peers on adolescents’risk-taking behavior and its underlying mechanisms can be explained from multiple aspects such as psychology,neurology,gene,society and culture.On the psychological level,this influence stems from the needs of adolescents to seek peer recognition and belonging,and their social learning;on the level of neural mechanism,it comes from the interaction between cognitive control network and stimulus processing system;on the genetic level,it is due to the susceptibility of specific genes;on the social and cultural level,peer influence brings about differences in degrees and performances due to differences in cultural contexts.Future research should further explore the influence of peers on adolescents’risk-taking behavior from the perspectives of development,cultural psychology and construction of complex model network.