幼有所育:新时代我国儿童政策体制的转型

The Accessibility of Education and Care to Young Children:The Transformation of China’s Child Policy Regime in the New Era

随着我国生育政策连续调整并取得积极成效,在“幼有所育”民生目标的指导下,婴幼儿照护服务、学前教育、儿童福利和家庭教育等四个儿童政策子领域发展显著。借鉴“政策体制”理论,对以上四个子领域的发展状况进行分析,发现我国儿童政策体系在进入新时代以来发生了三个方面的重要转型:政策范式上,儿童养育责任已由“家事”转向“国事”;权力安排上,政府成为儿童政策的重要行动者,社会和家庭也逐渐发展壮大,责任被重新界定;组织架构上,儿童政策各子领域的行政主管部门的调整,进一步强化了新的政策范式和权力安排。在实施“三孩政策”、落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的背景下,完善国家—社会—家庭在儿童养育中的责任分担,集中力量促进重点领域发展,将是今后我国儿童政策努力的方向。

With the continuous adjustment and positive results of China’s childbearing policy,under the guid⁃ance of the people’s livelihood goal of“the accessibility of education to young children”,the four sub-areas of child policy,namely,infant care service,preschool education,child welfare,and family education,have achieved remarkable progress.By referring to the theory of“policy regime”and analyzing the progress of the above four sub-fields in the New Era,it can be found that China’s child policy regime has undergone an impor⁃tant transformation in the New Era.Such a transformation can be demonstrated in three aspects:in terms of poli⁃cy paradigm,child-rearing responsibility as“family matter”has shifted to that as“national matter”;in terms of power arrangement,the government has become an important actor in child policy,and society and families have gradually grown stronger as stakeholders;in terms of organizational structure,various forms of changes have taken place in the administrative departments in charge in various sub-areas of child policy,thus further reinforcing the new policy paradigm and power arrangement.The transformation of China’s child policy regime is still far from being finalized.Under the background of the implementation of the“three-child policy”and the national strategy for actively responding to the aging of population,the main direction of policy development in the future is to improve the responsibility of childcare and childrearing shared by the state,society,and family and to concentrate on the development of key sub-areas.