马克思经济哲学语境中《巴黎手稿》的理论缺陷及其弥补

On the Theoretical Defects of the Paris Manuscripts in the Context of Karl Marx’s Economic Philosophy and Its Remedy

纯哲学语境的理解方式使近百年来的研究者多认为《巴黎手稿》的主题思想是人道主义及异化劳动理论。由于对马克思主义的理解不同,研究者在对《巴黎手稿》的评价中形成了成熟论和不成熟论两种代表性观点,皆与《巴黎手稿》原生态思想不一致。《巴黎手稿》原生态语境是经济哲学,“经济”内容无法绕开,主题思想是质疑和批判资本主义私有财产制度。《巴黎手稿》中存在诸多理论缺陷,主要表现为六个方面的问题:费尔巴哈哲学的改造问题、人化自然辩证法问题、私有财产资本化的内在机制问题、资本主义“私有财产的起源问题”、异化劳动理论的政治经济学论证问题和政治经济学分析框架问题。理论缺陷的存在促使马克思继续在思想上进行探索,与《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》两篇文献一样,《政治经济学批判大纲》和《资本论》也是弥补《巴黎手稿》理论缺陷的标志性文献。

Because of the way of understanding in a purely philosophical context,researchers have identified the theme of the Paris Manuscripts as humanitarianism and the theory of alienated labor for nearly a hundred years.Due to the different understanding of Marxism,two representative viewpoints of maturity theory and im⁃maturity theory have been formed in the evaluation process of the Paris Manuscript,both of which are inconsis⁃tent with the original ecological thought of the Paris Manuscript.The original ecological context of the Paris Manuscript is economic philosophy,where the“economic”content cannot be avoided,and its theme is to ques⁃tion and criticize the capitalist private property system.There are many theoretical defects in the Paris Manu⁃script,which are mainly manifested in six problems:the problem of the reform of Ludwig Feuerbach’s philoso⁃phy;the problem of the dialectics of human nature;the problem of the internal mechanism of the capitalization of private property;the problem of the origin of private property in capitalism;the problem of the political eco⁃nomic argument of alienated labor theory;the problem of the political economic analytical framework of alienat⁃ed labor theory.The objective existence of theoretical defects urged Marx to continue his ideological explora⁃tion.Just like the Theses on Feuerbach(Thesenüber Feuerbach)and The German Ideology(Die deutsche Ideol⁃ogie),the Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy and the On Capital(Das Kapital)are also the landmark documents to remedy the theoretical defects of the Paris Manuscripts.