儿童百日咳88例临床特征

Clinical characteristics of 88 children with pertussis

目的分析儿童百日咳的临床特征,提高对百日咳的认识。方法回顾性收集分析2018年5月至2019年10月泉州市儿童医院收治的88例百日咳患儿的病例资料,根据年龄分为≤3月龄组及>3月龄组,按是否接种疫苗分为免疫组与非免疫组,对痉挛性咳嗽、发绀、住院天数、重症百日咳例数等临床资料进行对比。结果(1)≤3月龄组痉挛性咳嗽的发生率为91.80%,明显高于>3月龄组的59.25%(P<0.05);未免疫组痉挛性咳嗽的发生率为88.40%,明显高于免疫组的57.89%(P<0.05);≤3月龄组发绀的发生率为57.37%,明显高于>3月龄组的18.51%(P<0.05);未免疫组发绀的发生率为56.52%,明显高于免疫组的5.26%(P<0.05);(2)≤3月龄组住院时间为12(9,17.5)d,较>3月龄组的[10(8,13)d]长(P<0.05);未免疫组住院时间为12(9,17)d,较免疫组的[10(7,12)d]长(P<0.05);(3)≤3月龄组重症百日咳发生率为57.37%,明显高于>3月龄组的25.92%(P<0.05);未免疫组重症百日咳发生率为55.07%,明显高于免疫组的21.05%(P<0.05)。结论百日咳好发于婴幼儿,症状无特异性,确诊有赖于病原学诊断。≤3月龄未进行免疫接种患儿痉挛性咳嗽多、住院时间长、病情重。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pertussis in children and improve the understanding of pertussis.Methods The case data of 88 children with pertussis admitted to Quanzhou Children's Hospital from May 2018 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.They were divided into≤3 months old group and>3 months old group according to the age.And they were divided into the immunized group and the non-immunized group according to whether or not to vaccinate.The clinical data of spastic cough,cyanosis,hospitalization days,and severe cases were compared.Results(1)The incidence of spastic cough in the≤3 months group was 91.80%,which was higher than that of(59.25%)in the>3 months group(P<0.05).The incidence of spastic cough in the non-immunized group was 88.40%,which was higher than that of 57.89%in the immunized group(P<0.05).The incidence of cyanosis in the≤3 months group was 57.37%,which was higher than that of 18.51%in the>3 months group(P<0.05).The incidence of cyanosis in the non-immunized group was 56.52%,which was higher than that of(5.26%)in the immunized group(P<0.05).(2)The hospital stay in the≤3 months group was 12(9,17.5)days,which was longer than that of(10[8,13]days)in the>3 months group(P<0.05).The hospital stay in the non-immunized group was 12(9,17)days,which was longer than that(10[7,12]days)in the immunized group(P<0.05).(3)The incidence of severe illness in the group≤3 months old was 57.37%,which was higher than that of 25.92%in the>3 months group(P<0.05).The incidence of severe illness was 55.07%in the non-immunized group,which was higher than that of(21.05%)in the immunized group(P<0.05).Conclusion Pertussis occurs mostly in infants and young children,and the symptoms are non-specific.The diagnosis depends on the etiological diagnosis.Children≤3 months of age who have not been immunized have many spastic coughs,have a long hospital stay,and are seriously ill.