草地螟生物生态学特征与新疆阿勒泰地区防治策略

Bio-ecological Characteristics of Loxostege Sticticalis and Its Control Strategy in Altay,Xinjiang

草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)是鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)螟蛾科(Pyralidae)的一种世界性重大农业害虫,该虫在世界各地均有分布。在我国,草地螟危害主要发生在华北、东北和西北地区,该虫在阿勒泰地区农牧业生产当中比较常见,每年都会对当地草牧业发展造成危害。草地螟具有间歇性暴发、集中迁移危害等特点,其主要以幼虫危害,成虫具有较强的迁飞能力,迁飞具有一定的目标导向性,先迁飞后产卵,幼虫给农牧业生产造成了一定的经济损失。通过对阿勒泰地区哈巴河县草地螟集体迁飞进行灯光诱捕的数量来看,草地螟成虫在00:10~03:30时段诱虫存在峰值。在成虫迁飞路径合理布置黑光灯对该虫短期预报有效。目前,对于草地螟的防治提倡选用低毒高效药剂或寄生性天敌昆虫进行综合性控制。本文回顾了草地螟幼虫各龄期生物生态学特征,提出了阿勒泰地区防治策略,为基层测报人员快速识别草地螟提供最为基础的理论方法和科学依据,对于进一步明确阿勒泰地区草地螟的发生规律,提高预警能力具有重要意义。

Loxostege sticticalis is a major agricultural pest in the Pyralidae family of Lepidoptera, which is distributed all over the world. In China, the damage of Loxostege sticticalis mainly occurs in North, Northeast and Northwest China. It is common in agricultural and animal husbandry production in Altay region, and causes harm to the development of local grassland and animal husbandry every year. Loxostege sticticalis has the characteristics of intermittent outbreak and concentrated migration damage. Damages are caused by larvae,the adults have strong ability of migration, and migration has a certain goal orientation. They migrate first and then lay eggs, and larvae cause certain economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry production.According to the number of light trapping of Loxostege sticticalis during the mass migration in Habahe county of Altay area, it was found that there was a peak in the period of 00:10 to 03:30. Therefore, reasonable arrangement of black light in the migration path was effective for the short-term forecast of Loxostege sticticalis. At present, comprehensive control of the Loxostege sticticalis should be carried out with low toxicity and high efficiency insecticides or parasitic natural enemy insects. In this paper, the biological and ecological characteristics of the larva of Loxostege sticticalis was reviewed, and the control strategy in Altay area was proposed, which provided the most basic theoretical method and scientific basis for grass-roots forecasters quickly identify Loxostege sticticalis, and is of great significance to further clarify the occurrence law of Loxostege sticticalis in Altay Area and to improve the early warning ability.