基于新梢和果粒生长变化确定‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实发育关键期灌溉指标

Determine the ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine irrigation indicators based on shoots and berry growth

为了确定‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实发育关键期灌溉指标,以4年生盆栽‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试材,通过相机连续监测分析新梢直径及果粒投影面积随根域土壤水势下降的变化,确定影响新梢生长的不同根域土壤水势范围及果粒不同膨大阶段对应的根域土壤水势范围,最终通过水势区间合并获得指导植株灌溉的果粒膨大阈值指标。结果表明:根据果粒膨大速度不同可将果实膨大过程分为急速膨大、快速膨大、缓慢膨大和收缩4个阶段,幼果期、果实第1次快速膨大期和转色期3个时期对应的根域土壤水势范围分别为>-11.59 kPa、-11.59~-16.94kPa、-16.94~-25.97 kPa、<-25.97 kPa,>-9.61 kPa、-9.61~-17.48 kPa、-17.48~-23.64 kPa、<-23.64 kPa和>-17.03 kPa、-17.03~-23.94 kPa、-23.94~-31.00 kPa、<-31.00 kPa;随土壤水势下降新梢日最大值生长量(MXDG)和日最小值生长量(MNDG)也逐渐下降,幼果期、果实第1次快速膨大期和转色期新梢低速生长的水势区间分别为-14.84~-20.68、-15.93~-23.89、-16.49~-22.51 kPa。综上,既能控制新梢旺长又不影响‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果粒快速生长的幼果期、果实第1次快速膨大期和转色期的根域土壤水势区间分别为-14.84~-16.94、-15.93~-17.48、-16.49~-22.51 kPa,对应的灌溉阈值指标:果粒相对生长速度(FDAC)范围为0.001 62~0.002 28、0.000 66~0.000 94和0.000 19~0.000 34。

To determine the irrigation index of ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine during berry development critical period, 4 years old potted ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines were used as the experimental materials. The change of shoot diameter and berry projection area according to soil water potential were continuously monitored by the camera, so that we could determine the range of soil water potential during the different stages of shoots development and berry swelling. The range of soil water potential is finally combined to obtain the berry swelling threshold index of guiding plant irrigation. According to the different expansion speed of the berry, berry expansion can be divided into four phases: the high speed growth phase, rapid growth phase, slow growth phase and shrinking phase. During the period of after berry set, berry first rapid growth and veraison, the ranges of soil water potential are >-11.59 k Pa,-11.59~-16.94 k Pa,-16.94~-25.97 k Pa, <-25.97 k Pa;>-9.61 k Pa,-9.61~-17.48 k Pa,-17.48~-23.64 k Pa, <-23.64 k Pa and >-17.03 k Pa,-17.03~-23.94 k Pa,-23.94~-31.00 k Pa, <-31.00 k Pa, respectively;the shoots MXDG and MNDG also gradually decrease following the decrease of soil water potential, during the period of after berry set, berry first rapid growth period and veraison, the water potential ranges for low-speed growth of shoots are-14.84~-20.68 k Pa,-15.93~-23.89 k Pa and-16.49~-22.51 k Pa, respectively. The soil water potential ranges of the ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine are respectively-14.84~-16.94 k Pa,-15.93~-17.48 k Pa and-16.49~-22.51 k Pa during the period of after berry set, berry first rapid growth and veraison, which can control shoots vigorous growth without affecting the growth of berry;and the corresponding ranges of irrigation threshold index FDAC are 0.001 62~0.002 28, 0.000 66~0.000 94 and 0.000 19~0.000 34.