哲学视角下教师发展的历史流变比较与反思

Comparison and Reflection on the Historical Changes of Teacher Development from the Perspective of Philosophy

哲学对教师发展的影响源远流长,从哲学视角梳理教师发展的演进路径,可以看出教师的职业本质在不断重构,对教师职业的定位经历了理性-人性之辨、手段目的之争、单向度-完整性之思和职业-志业之盼。教师发展的样态日趋开放,发展方式上经历了从技术训练到人文开发;发展动力上经历了从被动形塑到自觉建构;发展时间上经历了从断续培训到终身学习;发展范围上经历了从单一狭隘到多元生态。教师发展的研究不断创新,研究视角上从教师缺席转变为教师卷入,从居高临视转变为在地倾听,从重视结构与结果转变为重视现场与过程,从批判矫正转变为关怀唤醒。研究表明,教师发展经历着深刻转变,日渐呈现出整合和纵深的发展态势。

The influence of philosophy on the development of teachers has a long history.By combing the evolution path of teacher development from the perspective of philosophy,we can see that the nature of teaching occupation is constantly reconstructed,and the positioning of the occupation itself has undergone the following changes:rationality-humanity,means-purpose,unidimensionality-integrity,and profession-Beruf.The development of teachers is becoming increasingly open.The development method has experienced from technical training to humanistic development.The development motivation has changed from passive shaping to conscious construction.The development time has extended from intermittent training to lifelong learning.And the scope of development has expanded from a single narrow to a diversified ecology.The research of teacher development continues to innovate,and there are four changes in research perspectives:from the absence of teacher changed to the participation of teacher,from overlooking to listening,from high valuing the structure and the results to thinking highly of the field and the process,and from criticism and correction to caring and rousing.The research results reveal that the development of teachers in the world is undergoing a profound change,showing a trend of integration and deepening.