大学独立精神的溯源、表征及其实现路径

The Origin, Essence and Practice Path of University Independence

古今中外的大学始终强调独立精神的坚守和践行。本质上,大学独立精神是大学精神的最主要方面,是一所大学精神品格的集中表现,由学校维度的独立自治精神,教师维度的人格独立与学术自由精神以及学生维度的独立担当精神所构成。独立精神三个维度的视角不同,各自的实现路径也是不一样的。每个维度的独立精神都得到同步的有效贯彻,整体的大学独立精神才能实现;大学独立精神的三个维度要联动,形成系统效应。这三个维度之间联系紧密:没有学校的独立自治就会有外部力量过于干涉教师的独立探究,没有学校的独立自治和教师的独立探究,学生就不可能真正独立担当。具体来说,大学独立精神可通过厘清"管教育"与"办教育",营造学术独立氛围,完善助学资助制度,完备学业自主制度,科学构造学习空间等来实现。

Universities through out the history of China and the West have emphasized the persistence and practice of independence.In essence,independence constitutes the most important aspect of university philosophy and serves the concentrated expression of a university’s character.The ultimate realization and connotation of independence are embodied in the independence and autonomy of the university as an organization,personality independence and academic freedom of its faculty members and independent responsibility of its students.These three dimensions of independence differ in terms of perspective as well as realization paths.The overall independence of a university can be achieved with the effective implementation of independence on each dimension.The three dimensions of university independence should be connected to create a systematic effect.Therefore,these three dimensions are intertwined with each other.Without university autonomy,the independent enquiry of faculty members will be subject to external forces.Without university autonomy and the independent enquiry of faculty members,students cannot really take on the responsibility independently.Specifically,the independent spirit of the university can be realized by distinguishing between"managing education"and"running education",creating an atmosphere of academic independence,improving the student assistance system and the academic autonomy system,and creating learning spaces.