江西龙虎山10种铁皮石斛的品质测定及分析

Quality Determination and Analysis of 10 kinds of Dendrobium officinale from Longhushan in Jiangxi Province

为了分析龙虎山铁皮石斛资源的品质,对DNA条形码技术鉴定的10种铁皮石斛茎叶的4种营养成分(多糖、甘露糖、生物碱和蛋白质)和2种重金属元素(砷和镉)的含量进行测定,并采用主成分分析对铁皮石斛品质进行综合评价,运用聚类分析对铁皮石斛进行分类。结果显示:成熟的铁皮石斛中,茎和叶的多糖含量范围分别为35.09%~49.59%和6.88%~14.05%,甘露糖含量范围分别为16.19%~25.12%和11.10%~16.88%,生物碱含量范围分别为0.158‰~0.251‰和0.022‰~0.053‰,蛋白质含量范围分别为2.72%~4.38%和12.73%~18.38%;铁皮石斛(包括茎和叶)砷和镉含量最高值分别为1.892 mg/kg和0.234 mg/kg;人工种植铁皮石斛的营养成分总体高于野生铁皮石斛,铁皮石斛的叶具有一定的利用价值;野生与人工种植铁皮石斛砷、镉均未超标;铁皮石斛的6种测定成分可以用2种主成分(累积方差贡献率为98.443%)来表示,主成分分析综合得分最高的为米斛。本研究为龙虎山铁皮石斛的利用与开发提供了理论依据。

In the present study,the contents of 4 nutrients(polysaccharide,mannose,alkaloid and protein)and 2 heavy metal elements(arsenic and cadmium)in the stems and leaves from 10 species of Dendrobium officinale identified by DNA barcode technology were determined,then the qualities were evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis and the Dendrobium officinale in Longhushan was classified using cluster analysis,aiming to analyze the qualities of Dendrobium officinale.The results showed that the contents of polysaccharide,mannose,alkaloid,and protein in stems/leaves were 35.09%~49.59%/6.88%~14.05%,16.19%~25.12%/11.10%~16.88%,0.158‰~0.251‰/0.022‰~0.053‰,and 2.72%~4.38%/12.73%~18.38%,respectively,in the mature Dendrobium officinale.Besides,the highest contents of arsenic and cadmium in both stems and leaves were 1.892 mg/kg and 0.234 mg/kg.The nutrient contents of cultivated Dendrobium officinale were higher than that of wild Dendrobium officinale in general,and the leaves exhibited a certain utilization value.Arsenic and cadmium contents in wild and cultivated Dendrobium officinale were not exceeding the standards.The 6 measured components of Dendrobium officinale could be represented using 2 principal components(cumulative variance contribution rate of 98.443%),and the highest comprehensive score of principal component analysis was Mihu.This study would provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of Dendrobium officinale in Longhu shan.