广西地区西番莲产量和品质形成特征及其对气象因子的响应

The yield and quality formation characteristics of passion fruit and their response to meteorological factors in Guangxi,China

为探明广西地区西番莲的产量和品质形成特征及对气象因子的响应,以国内主栽西番莲品种‘台农1号’为试验材料,调查测定其产量和产量构成以及同期成熟的各级枝蔓果实品质和同级枝蔓在不同时段成熟的果实品质,采用相关分析和回归分析统计方法研究果实品质性状与开花到成熟期气象因子的关系。结果表明:‘台农1号’西番莲的单位面积产量为11.65 t·hm^(-2),二级蔓和一级蔓占单株产量的比例分别为58.2%和24.2%,是产量构成的主要枝蔓;果实的收获时段为移栽后91~186 d,果实成熟时间范围较大,为43~165 d,但果实形态和单果重受成熟时间的影响不大;同时期收获的各级枝蔓间品质差异主要在果浆重、可滴定酸含量和果皮厚度;同级枝蔓不同生长季收获的果实品质中,果浆重、出汁率随生长季延后和成熟时间的增加而增加,但当成熟时间大于125.6和141.6 d后,果浆重和出汁率分别开始下降;而可溶性固形物含量和果皮厚度则从次年1月开始呈下降趋势;除最大相对湿度外,果实发育到成熟期的温度和光照强度均与果浆重和出汁率呈极显著负相关,而相对湿度与其呈极显著正相关。当果实开花到成熟期的日平均温度为16.1~18.7℃、日平均光照强度为2.8×10^(3)~3.2×10^(3)lx、日平均相对湿度为88.0%~89.4%时,‘台农1号’的果浆重(>35 g)和出汁率(>45%)均较易获得高值。

To understand the yield and quality formation characteristics of passion fruit and their response to meteorological factors in Guangxi,we investigated the yield and yield components of‘Tainong No.1’,the main variety of passion fruit in China.We determined the fruit quality of different branches ripening in the same period and fruit quality of the same branches ripening in different periods.We further analyzed the relationships between quality characters and meteorological factors during flowing to fruit ripening stage by correlation analysis and regression analysis.The yield per unit area was 11.65 t·hm^(-2).The secondary lateral vine and primary lateral vine were the main yield components,with a contribution of 58.2%and 24.2%,respectively.The harvest time of the fruit was 91-186 days after transplanting.The fruit ripening time ranged from 43 to 165 days.Fruit morphology and single fruit weight were not affected by the ripening time.Fruit quality among different branches in the same harvest time differed in pulp weight,titratable acid content,and peel thickness.For the quality of fruit harvested in different growing seasons of the same branch,pulp weight and juice yield increased with the growth delay and the increasing ripening time.Pulp weight and juice yield began to decrease when the ripening time was longer than125.6 and 141.6 days,respectively.The soluble solid content and peel thickness decreased from January of the following year.Except the maximum relative humidity,temperature and light intensity in the ripening stage of fruit were significantly negatively correlated with pulp weight and juice yield,while the relative humidity was significantly positively correlated with pulp weight and juice yield.The pulp weight(>35 g)and juice yield(>45%)of‘Tainong No.1’were relatively high under the conditions of 16.1-18.7℃for daily average temperature from flowering to maturity,2.8×10^(3)-3.2×10^(3)lx for daily average light intensity,and 88.0%-89.4%for the daily average relative humidity.