巴尔干战争前后英国的“协调外交”

Britain’s“Concert Diplomacy”before and after the Balkan Wars

巴尔干战争所引发的危机是第一次世界大战前国际体系变化过程中的重要节点。危机期间,英国以大国集体会议的形式化解各方矛盾,不仅维护了"协调外交"体系,也令英国在近东的利益得到保证。在处理巴尔干战争后续问题时,英国却放弃"大国一致"原则,转而与法俄同盟协同行动,欧洲的多极协商格局正式演化为两极对峙,"协调外交"体系就此瓦解。"协调外交"处理巴尔干战争危机及其后续问题的教训是,尽管大国之间的协调外交可以解决个别问题,但没有解决国际体系的根本问题。两次巴尔干战争已经为"协调外交"敲响了丧钟,而"七月危机"及随后的第一次世界大战拉开了国际秩序和国际体系新时代的大幕。

The crisis caused by the Balkan Wars was a significant node in the process of changes of the international system before the First World War.During such crisis,Britain resolved the contradictions of various parties in the form of a collective meeting among major powers,which not only maintained the‘Concert Diplomacy’system,but also guaranteed Britain’s interests in the Near East.However,when dealing with the follow-up issues of the Balkan Wars,Britain gave up the principle of‘great powers unanimity’and instead acted with the French-Russian alliance in concert.The multi-polar consultation pattern in Europe has officially evolved into a bipolar pattern,and the system of‘Concert Diplomacy’collapsed.The lesson of‘Concert Diplomacy’in dealing with the Balkan War crisis and its aftermath was that the fundamental problems of the international system were not solved,although coordinated diplomacy between major powers can solve individual problems.The two Balkan wars rang the death knell for‘Concert Diplomacy’,and the‘July Crisis’and the subsequent First World War opened the curtain of a new era of international order and international system.