卡内基基金会与一战后国际秩序的构建

The Carnegie Endowment and the Construction of the International Order after the First World War

第一次世界大战后,除了联邦政府以外,美国国内的一些非政府组织也在谋求通过重建国际秩序来消除战争的根源,保障和平。卡内基基金会从法律国际主义理念出发,致力于构筑一个以国际法院为核心的国际司法机制,建立基于法律而不是政治的国际新秩序。但是,威尔逊并不认同基金会的战后计划,尤其反对建立国际法院,这导致双方之间产生了难以调和的冲突。在美国国联之争中,基金会成为反对威尔逊国联方案的重要社会力量,对美国外交政策产生了深刻影响。尽管美国拒绝加入国联,但基金会并未放弃重塑国际秩序的努力。1920年,基金会代表美国出席海牙法学家顾问委员会会议,在常设国际法院建立的过程中起到重要作用,促进了现代国际司法体系的形成。

After the First World War,in addition to the federal government,the American non-governmental organisations also sought to eliminate the causes of war and ensure peace by rebuilding the international order.By adopting the concept of the legal internationalism,the Carnegie Endowment was committed to building an international judicial mechanism with an international court as its core,thus establishing a new international order based on law rather than politics.However,Woodrow Wilson did not agree with the post-war plan of the Carnegie Endowment,and particularly opposed the establishment of an international court,which led to conflicts that were difficult to reconcile between the two parties.In the debate over the League of Nations,the Carnegie Endowment became an important social force opposed to Wilson’s plan,and had a profound impact on the American foreign policy.Although the United States refused to join the League of Nations,the Carnegie Endowment did not give up its efforts to reshape the international order.In 1920,the Carnegie Endowment represented the United States at the meeting of the Hague Advisory Committee of Jurists,playing a significant role in the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice and promoting the formation of a modern international judicial system.