上海市慢性病监测数据的高血压高危人群风险特征的变化分析

Risk characteristics of hypertension in high-risk population:an analysis based on the surveillance data of chronic diseases in Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市高血压高危人群的主要特征,为开展社区高血压高危人群健康管理和有针对性的生活方式干预提供基础依据。【方法】采用2013年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,将11 753名符合高血压高危人群标准的对象纳入研究,分析风险特征的分布及水平。【结果】高血压高危人群的6个高风险特征中,膳食高盐的检出率最高(55.3%),其次为超重/肥胖、高血压家族史、血压水平(130~139)/(85~89)mm Hg,分别为44.0%、41.6%、31.7%,过量饮酒的检出率最低,为5.0%。高血压高危人群以具有1个或2个高风险特征的人群为主(9 038人,76.9%),具有3个及以上高风险特征的人数较少(2 715人,23.1%)。男性高血压高危人群的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖及体重指数均值高于女性(P<0.05)。不同年龄段、文化程度及职业类型的高血压高危人群的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、体重指数及每日食盐量均不同(P<0.05)。不同婚姻状况高危人群的收缩压、舒张压、体重指数及每日食盐量不同(P<0.05)。不同地区的高危人群每日食盐量、收缩压水平不同(P<0.05)。【结论】应尽早发现高血压高危人群,积极开展社区健康管理和有针对性的生活方式干预,尤其是对膳食高盐以及超重/肥胖等高风险特征的干预,重视对男性、中年、文化程度较低的群体的干预,降低群体和个体高血压高风险特征水平,预防和延缓高血压的发病。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk population of hypertension in Shanghai,and to provide references for health management and targeted lifestyle intervention of the high-risk population in community.[Methods]The data from the 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases Surveillance were used.The subjects who met the criteria of high-risk population of hypertension were included,and 11753 subjects were finally identified,to analyze the distribution and level of risk characteristics.[Result]Among six high-risk characteristics of hypertension,the detection rate of high salt in diet was the highest(55.3%),followed by overweight/obesity(44.0%),family history of hypertension(41.6%),and blood pressure level of(130-139)(/85-89)mmHg(31.7%).The detection rate of excessive drinking was the lowest(5.0%).The percentage of population with one or two high-risk characteristics was higher than that with three or more high-risk characteristics(76.9%vs.23.1%).Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose level,and body mass index in the male high-risk group were higher than those in the female group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose level,body mass index and daily salt intake were different between different age groups,educational level and occupational types(P<0.05).Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,body mass index and daily salt intake were significantly different among high-risk groups with different marital status(P<0.05).The daily salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of high-risk population in different areas were significantly different(P<0.05).[Conclusion]We should identify high-risk groups of hypertension as early as possible and actively carry out community health management and targeted lifestyle interventions.The focus should be on the groups and individuals with high-risk characteristics such as dietary high salt and overweight/obesity,male,middle-aged and low-educated groups.In this way,we can reduce the level of high-risk characteristics,prevent and delay the occurrence of hypertension.