上海市慢性病高危人群的风险特征分析

Risk characteristics of chronic non-communicable diseases in high-risk groups in Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市慢性病高风险人群的特征,为开展社区慢性病筛查和高危人群健康干预提供理论依据。【方法】根据2013年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,将35岁及以上人群中无高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常等慢性病,且符合慢性病高风险人群标准的对象纳入研究,最终纳入3 682名研究对象,分析该人群的慢性病高风险特征水平及特征。【结果】上海市慢性病高风险人群中血清总胆固醇为5.2~6.2 mmol/L的检出率最高(62.90%),其次为血压水平(130~139)/(85~89)mm Hg(35.88%),腹型肥胖和现在吸烟的检出率分别为30.50%和27.68%,空腹血糖为6.1~7.0 mmol/L的检出率为8.75%。不同风险特征中男性现在吸烟的检出率(64.51%)高于女性(1.49%),女性腹型肥胖(34.90%)和血清总胆固醇为5.2~6.2 mmol/L(72.30%)的检出率高于男性(分别为24.31%和49.67%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄组人群的5个慢性病高风险特征检出率不全相同;文化程度高的人群血压水平为(130~139)/(85~89)mm Hg的检出率相对较低,血清总胆固醇为5.2~6.2 mmol/L的检出率相对较高;农业从业者血压水平为(130~139)/(85~89)mm Hg的检出率最高(42.26%);农村地区吸烟风险检出率最高(31.45%),城市地区人群的血清总胆固醇为5.2~6.2 mmol/L的检出率最高(68.54%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄和职业类型的慢性病高风险人群中高风险特征数量分布不全相同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】上海市慢性病高风险人群的风险特征检出水平较高,应根据不同人群的高风险特征,有针对性地开展和加强高危人群健康干预,改善高危人群危险因素水平,降低慢性病潜在发病风险。

[Objective]To understand the risk characteristics of high-risk population of chronic disease in Shanghai,and provide theoretical basis for screening management and health intervention.[Methods]The data from the 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases Surveillance was used for analysis.People(aged 35 and over)who had no diagnosis of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia but met the criteria for high-risk groups of chronic diseases were included in the study.Finally,3682 participants were included.[Results]In this high-risk population,62.90%of the subjects has total serum cholesterol level of 5.2-6.2 mmol/L,35.88%had blood pressure level of(130-139)(/85-89)mmHg,30.50%had abdominal obesity,27.68%were current smokers,and 8.75%had fasting blood glucose level of 6.1-7.0 mmol/L.Among the different risk characteristics,the detection rate of smoking risk in men was higher than that in women(64.51%vs.1.49%).On the contrary,the detection rate of waist circumference and serum total cholesterol risk in women was higher than that in men(34.90%vs.24.31%and 72.30%vs.49.67%,respectively).The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of the five high-risk characteristics were not the same in all age groups.The detection rate of blood pressure risk was relatively low,and the cholesterol risk was relatively high in the highly educated population.The blood pressure risk was the highest among agricultural practitioners(42.26%).The detection rate of smoking risk was the highest in rural areas(31.45%),and the risk of cholesterol was the highest in urban areas(68.54%).The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the high-risk groups of chronic diseases in Shanghai,the distribution of high-risk characteristics in genders,ages,and occupational types were not the same and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The level of risk characteristics among high-risk groups of chronic diseases in Shanghai is relatively high.Relevant departments should carry out targeted health interventions for different populations to reduce the level of risk factors in high-risk groups of chronic diseases and control the potential risk of chronic diseases.