全球城市提升土地资源开发利用效能研究

Research on Improving the Efficiency of Urban Land Resources in Global Cities

从世界范围来看,在土地极度稀缺条件下,如何对全球城市有限的土地和空间进行合理的规划和利用,是全球城市普遍面临和关注的问题,这些城市也在提升城市土地资源开发利用效能上进行了大量的实践。当前,中国城市特别是特大、超大、大中城市在快速的城市化过程中,出现了类似西方国家城市的"摊大饼式"蔓延发展和去中心化现象,城市绿化面积减少、交通拥堵、土地开发利用绩效不高等问题突出。在此背景下,本文梳理以纽约、伦敦和东京为代表的全球城市土地资源开发利用特点、发展阶段、基本情况以及主要经验,并与上海进行对比,旨在为中国城市提升土地利用效能提供启示和借鉴。

Under the conditions of extreme land scarcity,how to plan and utilize the urban land and space resources properly is a common problem many global cities have faced.Global cities have made lots of efforts in improving the efficiency of urban land resources.At present,Chinese cities,especially the supercities,megacities,big and medium cities,have experienced a rapid process of urbanization,but meanwhile,the problem of "sprawl and decentralization" also appeared,which leads to the reduction of urban green area,traffic congestion,and poor land development and utilization.Against this background,this paper analyzes the characteristics,three development stages,and experience of urban land use in the three global cities,New York,London,and Tokyo,and then compares them with Shanghai,hoping that it can provide referential suggestions for Chinese cities to improve land utilization efficiency.