公众参与在东京城市规划中的制度化实践

Public Participation in the Institutionalized Practice of Urban Planning--Taking Tokyo as an Example

1968年,日本政府修订《城市规划法》,城市规划的决策权原则上由国家政府转移到地方政府,扩大了地方政府在规划决策方面的自主权。1992年,随着《城市规划法》的再次修订,城市规划中的公众参与也逐步制度化。本文以日本东京都为例,首先对城市规划中公众参与的制度化历程进行了梳理和归纳,发现其经历了不断试错的探索阶段、自发协议的成长阶段和活用提案制度的成熟阶段;其次,厘清了公众参与城市规划的制度设计和机制安排;最后,基于东京案例总结了具有启示意义的经验。

In 1968,the Japanese government revised the Urban Planning Law,and the decisionmaking power of urban planning was in principle transferred from the national government to local governments,expanding the autonomy of local governments in planning decisions.In 1992,with another revision of the Urban Planning Law,public participation in urban planning was gradually institutionalized.Taking Tokyo,Japan,as an example,this paper compares and summarizes the institutionalization of public participation in urban planning and finds that it has gone through the exploratory stage of trial and error,the growth stage of the spontaneous agreement,and the mature stage of using the proposal system.It then clarifies the institutional design and mechanism arrangement of public participation in urban planning;finally,it summarizes the enlightening experience based on the Tokyo case.