两型运输机飞行人员作业负荷特点对比研究

A Comparative Study on Workload in Two Types of Transport Aircraft Flight Personnel

目的研究某新型运输机(简称A)和已列装运输机(简称B)飞行人员本场及长航时飞行作业负荷特点规律,为制定相关的航卫保障措施提供参考依据。方法采用自认劳累负荷量表(RPE)、斯坦福嗜睡感量表(SSS)、NASA任务负荷指数(NASA-TLX)结合心率监测及心率变异性分析的方法,以32名两型运输机飞行人员(A13人,B19人)为研究对象,于飞行前、中、后开展主观负荷程度、生理参数的变化情况分析比较,探讨两型运输机飞行人员的作业负荷变化特点。结果飞行后,两型运输机飞行人员RPE、SSS评分增加非常显著(P<0.01),着陆阶段NASA-TLX评分非常显著高于其他飞行阶段(P<0.01)。飞行中,A型运输机飞行人员心率变异性指标RMSSD、VLF、HFnorm显著低于B型运输机飞行人员(P<0.05),LFnorm、LF/HF非常显著高于B型运输机飞行人员(P<0.01),A型运输机飞行人员各心率值显著高于B型运输机飞行人员(P<0.05)。不同飞行阶段中,着陆阶段飞行人员VLF、TP显著高于起飞阶段(P<0.05),巡航阶段各心率值显著低于起飞、着陆阶段(P<0.05)。结论两型运输机飞行人员的作业负荷具有共性,精神紧张度在巡航阶段均减轻,着陆阶段均增加;但A型运输机飞行人员心率、交感神经张力、精神紧张度均高于B型,提示现阶段A型运输机飞行人员的作业负荷强度高于B型运输机飞行人员。

Objective To study the changes of the workload of flight personnel in aerodrome practice flight and long endurance flight of a new type transport aircraft(for short A)and an equipped type transport aircraft(for short B),so as to provide bases for aeromedical support.Methods Thirty-two flight personnel of type A(13)and type B(19)transport aircraft were selected as the research objects,the changes of subjective workload and physiological parameters during flight were analyzed using RPE,SSS,NASA-TLX scales and combined with the heart rate monitoring and heart rate variability analysis.Then the characteristics of the workload of flight personnel of two types of transport aircraft were discussed.Results After flying,the scores of RPE and SSS increased significantly(P<0.01),and the NASA-TLX score in landing stage was significantly higher than that in other flight stages(P<0.01);the time-domain index(RMSSD)and the frequency-domain indexes(VLF,HFnorm)of heart rate variability of type A flight personnel were significantly or very significantly lower than that of type B(P<0.05),while the frequency-domain indexes(LFnorm,LF/HF)of heart rate variability of type A transport flight personnel was very significantly higher than that of type B(P<0.01).The maximal heart rate,minimal heart rate,average heart rate of type A transport flight personnel were significantly higher than that of B(P<0.05);the average heart rate,maximal heart rate,minimal heart rate,and the frequency-domain indexes(VLF,TP)of heart rate variability in landing stage showed significant differences in different flight stages(P<0.05),the maximal heart rate,minimal heart rate and average heart rate in cruising stage were significantly lower than that in take off and landing stages(P<0.05).Conclusion The workload of flight personnel of the two types transport aircraft has the commonality that the mental tension of flight personnel of the two types transport decreased in the cruising stage and increased in the landing stage,but the workload of the flight personnel of the two types transport was different,the heart rate,sympathetic tension and mental tension of flight personnel of type A transport were all higher than that of flight personnel of type B,so thal the workload intensity of flight personnel of type A transport aircraft was higher than that of flight personnel of type B transport aircraft at current period.