不同时期拉枝对‘宫崎短枝富士’幼树生长和产量、品质的影响

Effects of Bending Shoot in Different Periods on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Miyazaki’ Young Tree

以‘宫崎短枝富士’苹果幼树为试材,采用不同月份进行拉枝处理的方法,研究了不同拉枝时期对苹果幼树树体生长量、枝类组成、产量和品质的影响,以期为燕山地区苹果拉枝管理提供参考依据。结果表明:树体生长量方面,随着拉枝时期推迟,树高和干径呈减少趋势,冠径和主枝延长枝长度呈增加趋势,枝干比<0.55的主枝比例明显降低,枝干比>0.55的主枝比例明显增加。枝类组成和产量、品质方面,随着拉枝时期推迟,短枝比例减少,长枝比例增加,单株产量以6月拉枝最高,7月拉枝次之,8、9月拉枝最低;单果质量以9月拉枝最小,与6、7、8月拉枝差异不显著;可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、果实硬度在不同拉枝时期间无显著差异。分析后认为‘宫崎短枝富士’最佳拉枝时期在6月。

Taking‘Miyazaki’apple tree as test material,the effects of different shoot bending periods on tree growth,branches composition,yield,fruit quality were studied with the method of bending shoots in different month,in order to provide a reference for apple pruning management in Yanshan area.The results showed that,for tree growth,tree height and trunk circumference diameter of apple tree decreased with the delay the of shoot bending period,whereas canopy diameter and elongated shoot of main branch increased.The percentage of branches with branch-stem ratio less than 0.55 decreased with the delay of shoot bending period,whereas the percentage of branches with branchstem ratio greater than 0.55 increased obviously.For branch proportion,yield and fruit quality,the proportion of short branches decreased with the delay of shoot bending period,whereas the proportion of long branches increased,the yield per tree was the highest when bending in June,followed by July,and the lowest in August and September.The single fruit weight was the lowest when bending in September,indicated no significant difference when bending in June,July and August.There were no significant difference in soluble solids content,titratable acidity content and fruit hardness among different shoot bending periods.The results showed that June was the best shoot bending period for‘Miyazaki’.