八个蔷薇属种质资源的核型分析

Karyological Analysis on Eight Gemplasm Resources in Genus Rosa L.

以亮叶月季等8个特异性状的蔷薇属种质资源为试材,采用去壁低渗法进行了染色体数目和核型研究,以期为现代月季品种进行种质创新和遗传改良提供细胞遗传学参考依据。结果表明:1)不同资源的染色体数目差异较大,半重瓣丽江蔷薇、亮叶月季、无刺的木香花、“苦水玫瑰”、黄刺玫为二倍体(2n=2x=14);中国古老月季品种“淡黄香水月季”为三倍体(2n=3x=21);食用玫瑰“滇红”为四倍体(2n=4x=28);狗蔷薇为五倍体(2n=5x=35);2)8个资源的核不对称系数变化范围在59.1%~66.9%,均未观察到随体的存在;3)重瓣丽江蔷薇、“淡黄香水月季”“滇红”、狗蔷薇的核型均为2B;重瓣木香花和黄刺玫的核型均为2A;“苦水玫瑰”的核型为1A;亮叶月季的核型为3A。

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of eight rose germplasm resources with special traits were studied by de-walling and hypotonic methods.In order to supply cytogenetic information to the utilization of these rose resources for the germplasm innovation and cultivar improvement of modern rose.The results showed that,1)the chromosome numbers of different resources were significantly different.Rosa lichiangensis with half-double petals,Rosa lucidissima,the prickless Rosa banksiae Ait.var.banksiae,Rosa sertata×Rosa rugosa and Rosa xanthina f.xanthina were all diploid(2 n=2 x=14);Rosa‘Parks’Yellow Tea-scented China’was triploid(2 n=3 x=21);Rosa‘Dian Hong’was tetraploid(2 n=4 x=28).Rosa caninawas pentaploid(2 n=5 x=35).2)The range of nuclear asymmetry coefficient of these eight resources was 59.1%-66.9%,none satellite was observed in the metaphase nuclei of theseresources.3)The karyotypes of the half-double Rosa lichiangensis,Rosa‘Parks’Yellow Tea-scented China’,Rosa‘Dian Hong’,Rosa caninawere all 2 B.Those of the prickless Rosa banksiae var.banksiae,Rosa xanthina f.xanthina were both 2 A.The karyotype of Rosa sertata×Rosa rugosawas 1 A and that of Rosa lucidissimawas 3 A.