论“江西四家”的时文取向与明清地域文学传统

On the Orientation of Eight-part Essays by“Four Masters in Jiangxi”and the Regional Literary Tradition in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明代隆庆、万历间阳明心学盛行导致时文创作出现新变,禅学、诸子学等思想及文风渗透时文,滋生系列流弊。各地文社领袖通过选文来改革与匡正时文风气,“江西四家”是其中重要的参与者。虽然四人在时文取向上存在具体差异,并在复社的离间策略下进一步走向分化,但同时也有共同的地域文学倾向,即总体上坚持“以古文为时文”的宗旨,尤其是以欧阳修、曾巩的古文传统来纠正晚明八股文之弊病,这种对乡邦文学的强调是明清地域文学传统不断凸显的反映。

The prevalence of Yangming Xinxue in the imperial examination selection field during the years of Longqing and Wanli of Ming Dynasty led to various thoughts,among which Zen Studies,different philosophers and scholars interpreted their own ideas,resulting in the changes of writing styles of eight-part essays and malpractices ensued.A variety of cultural clubs'leaders longed to rectify the situation by selecting articles.The“Four Masters in Jiangxi”were significant participants in the reform movement in Late Ming Dynasty.Although they have specific differences in their orientation of eight-part essays,and are further divided under the alienation strategy of Fu Society,they also have a common tendency of regional literature,that is,they insisted on“using ancient prose to write eight-part essays”,especially the ancient prose styles of Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong to correct the shortcomings of the eight-part essays in the Late Ming Dynasty.These strives and emphasizes of Local Literature were serial reflections of Regional Literary Tradition.