文本与史实之乖离——论《国性爷合战》中的“郑成功”

The Deviation of Literature from History--“Zheng Chenggong”in The Battle of Koxinga

日本著名戏剧家近松门左卫门的《国性爷合战》是一部以中国民族英雄郑成功为原型创作的、脱离历史事实的“历史的戏剧”,其文学叙事与历史事实之间产生了极大的乖离。在《国性爷合战》中,近松门左卫门赋予中国历史人物以日本式灵魂,使得以郑成功为中心的历史人物形象发生了日本化变异,具体表现为:和藤内(原型为郑成功)的日本武士形象;吴三桂的忠臣形象与李滔天(原型为李自成)的逆臣形象;郑芝龙与甘辉的忠臣形象以及翁婿关系的转变。这种乖离书写体现了作者基于自身华夷观念的国家主义创作意识,而其华夷观念既受到中国儒家传统华夷观念的影响,亦是前近代日本社会主流思想的体现。

The famous Japanese dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon's The Battle of Koxinga is a“historical drama”based on Zheng Chenggong that separated from historical facts.The deviation of literary narration of the drama from the historical facts reflects the Japanese transformation of the historical figures centered on Zheng Chenggong.These are specifically found in the Japanese samurai image of Soshite Fujiuchi(Zheng Chenggong);the image of Wu Sangui as a loyal minister and the image of Li Taotian(Li Zicheng)as a rebellious minister;the images of Zheng Zhilong and Gan Hui as loyal ministers and the transformation of their relationship as father-in-law and son-in-law.The Japanese transfiguration of the historical figures in The Battle of Koxinga reflects the nationalist consciousness of the author based on his Huayi idea,which is influenced by the Confucian Huayi idea on the one hand,and the influence of mainstream consciousness in Japanese society during the Edo period on the other.